pgsql: Avoid wrong results for power() with NaN input on some platforms

Avoid wrong results for power() with NaN input on some platforms.

Per spec, the result of power() should be NaN if either input is NaN.
It appears that on some versions of Windows, the libc function does
return NaN, but it also sets errno = EDOM, confusing our code that
attempts to work around shortcomings of other platforms. Hence, add
guard tests to avoid substituting a wrong result for the right one.

It's been like this for a long time (and the odd behavior only appears
in older MSVC releases, too) so back-patch to all supported branches.

Dang Minh Huong, reviewed by David Rowley

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/75DB81BEEA95B445AE6D576A0A5C9E936A73E741@BPXM05GP.gisp.nec.co.jp

Branch
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REL_10_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4d864de486d63b50b1ba74330021504d2c674c23

Modified Files
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src/backend/utils/adt/float.c | 7 ++---
.../expected/float8-exp-three-digits-win32.out | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/float8-small-is-zero.out | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++
.../regress/expected/float8-small-is-zero_1.out | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/float8.out | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/float8.sql | 5 ++++
6 files changed, 129 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)