Fallback table AM for relkinds without storage

Hi all,

In recent history, we have had two bugs causing a crash of the backend
because of the default behavior of rd_tableam to be NULL for a
relcache entry for relkinds that have no storage:
1) Sequential attempt for a view:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/16856-0363e05c6e1612fd@postgresql.org
2) currtid() and currtid2():
https://postgr.es/m/CAJGNTeO93u-5APMga6WH41eTZ3Uee9f3s8dCpA-GSSqNs1b=Ug@mail.gmail.com

Any hole in the code that allows a relation without storage to attempt
to access a table AM is able to take the server down. Of course, any
code doing that would be wrong, but it seems to me that we had better
put in place better defenses so as any mistake does not result in a
server going down. Looking at the code, we would need to do a couple
of things, mainly:
- Create a new table AM for relations without storage to plug into.
The idea would be a simple wrapper for all the AM functions that
triggers a elog(ERROR) for each one of them. If possible, provide
some details based on the arguments given by the caller of the
function. Here are some ideas of names: no_storage_table_am,
no_storage_am, error_table_am, error_am, fallback_am (this one sounds
wrong). This requires an extra row in pg_am.
- Tweak the area around RelationInitTableAccessMethod(), with rd_am so
as rd_amhandler is never NULL.

Putting sanity checks within all the table_* functions of tableam.h
would not be a good idea, as nothing prevents the call of what's
stored in rel->rd_tableam.

Thoughts?
--
Michael