pgsql: Enforce RETURNING typmod on SQL/JSON DEFAULT behavior expression

Enforce RETURNING typmod on SQL/JSON DEFAULT behavior expressions

transformJsonBehavior() coerced an ON EMPTY / ON ERROR DEFAULT
expression only when its type differed from the RETURNING type's OID.
When the base type matched but the RETURNING type carried a type
modifier (e.g. numeric(4,1) or varchar(3)), the coercion that enforces
the typmod was skipped, so the DEFAULT value could violate the
declared type:

SELECT JSON_VALUE(jsonb '{}', '$.a'
RETURNING numeric(4,1) DEFAULT 99999.999 ON EMPTY);

returned 99999.999, which 99999.999::numeric(4,1) would reject; the
value could even be stored into a numeric(4,1) column, as later
coercions trust its already-correct type label.

Fix by also coercing when the RETURNING type has a typmod, except for
a NULL constant. coerce_to_target_type() is a no-op when the typmod
already matches. The matching-OID short-circuit dates to 74c96699be3.

Reported-by: Ewan Young <kdbase(dot)hack(at)gmail(dot)com>
Author: Ewan Young <kdbase(dot)hack(at)gmail(dot)com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAON2xHPO9f4cAmyGn1mQ=VqoS7wN5rz4yOiqudxX78zninZpCw@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 17

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4c75cc786301886145bc1a450977cbd024814ef5

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c | 11 ++++++++++-
src/test/regress/expected/sqljson_jsontable.out | 16 ++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/sqljson_queryfuncs.out | 21 +++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/sqljson_jsontable.sql | 9 +++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/sqljson_queryfuncs.sql | 8 ++++++++
5 files changed, 64 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)