pgsql: postgres_fdw: Give user mapping precedence for use_scram_passthr

postgres_fdw: Give user mapping precedence for use_scram_passthrough

Previously, when use_scram_passthrough was specified on both a foreign server
and a user mapping, the server-level setting took precedence over the
user-mapping setting. This was inconsistent with the usual semantics of
postgres_fdw options, where foreign server options provide shared defaults
and user mapping options override them on a per-user basis.

This commit updates postgres_fdw so that the user-mapping setting takes
precedence when use_scram_passthrough is specified in both places. This
matches the behavior of other connection options such as sslcert and sslkey.

Backpatch to v18, where use_scram_passthrough was introduced. In v18,
this only affects limited configurations that specify conflicting values
at both the foreign server and user-mapping levels. In such cases, users
would naturally expect the user-mapping setting to override the server-level
setting, so changing the behavior should be minimally disruptive.
Also keeping v18 as the only branch with different semantics for
use_scram_passthrough would be unnecessarily confusing, so backpatch
this fix to v18.

Author: Matheus Alcantara <matheusssilv97(at)gmail(dot)com>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao(dot)fujii(at)gmail(dot)com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAHGQGwEJ8rZjmbOvCicyr4vbuLio082bNTde0WNoSWaWr9wVcg@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 18

Branch
------
REL_18_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/88d7748d2ab7017c29c0f7bec04612b2680552d0

Modified Files
--------------
contrib/postgres_fdw/connection.c | 10 ++++++++--
contrib/postgres_fdw/t/001_auth_scram.pl | 30 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
doc/src/sgml/postgres-fdw.sgml | 4 +++-
3 files changed, 41 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)