pgsql: SQL Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)

SQL Property Graph Queries (SQL/PGQ)

Implementation of SQL property graph queries, according to SQL/PGQ
standard (ISO/IEC 9075-16:2023).

This adds:

- GRAPH_TABLE table function for graph pattern matching
- DDL commands CREATE/ALTER/DROP PROPERTY GRAPH
- several new system catalogs and information schema views
- psql \dG command
- pg_get_propgraphdef() function for pg_dump and psql

A property graph is a relation with a new relkind RELKIND_PROPGRAPH.
It acts like a view in many ways. It is rewritten to a standard
relational query in the rewriter. Access privileges act similar to a
security invoker view. (The security definer variant is not currently
implemented.)

Starting documentation can be found in doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml and
doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml.

Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter(at)eisentraut(dot)org>
Author: Ashutosh Bapat <ashutosh(dot)bapat(dot)oss(at)gmail(dot)com>
Reviewed-by: Junwang Zhao <zhjwpku(at)gmail(dot)com>
Reviewed-by: Ajay Pal <ajay(dot)pal(dot)k(at)gmail(dot)com>
Reviewed-by: Henson Choi <assam258(at)gmail(dot)com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a855795d-e697-4fa5-8698-d20122126567(at)eisentraut(dot)org

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2f094e7ac691abc9d2fe0f4dcf0feac4a6ce1d9c

Modified Files
--------------
contrib/pg_overexplain/expected/pg_overexplain.out | 54 +
contrib/pg_overexplain/pg_overexplain.c | 20 +
contrib/pg_overexplain/sql/pg_overexplain.sql | 11 +
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 520 +++++-
doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml | 238 +++
doc/src/sgml/features.sgml | 4 +-
doc/src/sgml/func/func-info.sgml | 15 +
doc/src/sgml/information_schema.sgml | 1092 ++++++++++++
doc/src/sgml/keywords/sql2023-16-nonreserved.txt | 27 +
doc/src/sgml/keywords/sql2023-16-reserved.txt | 12 +
doc/src/sgml/queries.sgml | 162 ++
doc/src/sgml/ref/allfiles.sgml | 3 +
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_extension.sgml | 3 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_property_graph.sgml | 299 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/comment.sgml | 1 +
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_property_graph.sgml | 318 ++++
doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_property_graph.sgml | 111 ++
doc/src/sgml/ref/grant.sgml | 7 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml | 13 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/revoke.sgml | 7 +
doc/src/sgml/ref/security_label.sgml | 1 +
doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml | 43 +
doc/src/sgml/reference.sgml | 3 +
src/backend/catalog/aclchk.c | 36 +
src/backend/catalog/dependency.c | 11 +
src/backend/catalog/information_schema.sql | 366 ++++
src/backend/catalog/objectaddress.c | 335 ++++
src/backend/catalog/pg_class.c | 2 +
src/backend/catalog/sql_features.txt | 100 ++
src/backend/commands/Makefile | 1 +
src/backend/commands/alter.c | 28 +-
src/backend/commands/dropcmds.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/event_trigger.c | 2 +
src/backend/commands/meson.build | 1 +
src/backend/commands/propgraphcmds.c | 1882 ++++++++++++++++++++
src/backend/commands/seclabel.c | 1 +
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 20 +-
src/backend/executor/execMain.c | 17 +-
src/backend/nodes/nodeFuncs.c | 71 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 9 +
src/backend/nodes/print.c | 4 +
src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c | 9 +
src/backend/optimizer/path/allpaths.c | 10 +
src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepjointree.c | 8 +
src/backend/parser/Makefile | 1 +
src/backend/parser/analyze.c | 5 +-
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 713 +++++++-
src/backend/parser/meson.build | 1 +
src/backend/parser/parse_agg.c | 11 +
src/backend/parser/parse_clause.c | 136 ++
src/backend/parser/parse_collate.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/parse_expr.c | 11 +
src/backend/parser/parse_func.c | 3 +
src/backend/parser/parse_graphtable.c | 309 ++++
src/backend/parser/parse_relation.c | 99 +-
src/backend/parser/parse_target.c | 5 +
src/backend/parser/scan.l | 13 +-
src/backend/rewrite/Makefile | 1 +
src/backend/rewrite/meson.build | 1 +
src/backend/rewrite/rewriteGraphTable.c | 1318 ++++++++++++++
src/backend/rewrite/rewriteHandler.c | 12 +
src/backend/tcop/utility.c | 34 +
src/backend/utils/adt/acl.c | 4 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 531 ++++++
src/backend/utils/cache/lsyscache.c | 38 +
src/backend/utils/cache/plancache.c | 6 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/common.c | 3 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/dumputils.c | 3 +
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c | 1 +
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_dump.c | 83 +-
src/bin/pg_dump/t/002_pg_dump.pl | 28 +
src/bin/psql/command.c | 3 +-
src/bin/psql/describe.c | 94 +-
src/bin/psql/help.c | 5 +-
src/bin/psql/tab-complete.in.c | 67 +-
src/fe_utils/psqlscan.l | 8 +-
src/include/catalog/Makefile | 7 +-
src/include/catalog/catversion.h | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/meson.build | 5 +
src/include/catalog/pg_class.h | 1 +
src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat | 3 +
src/include/catalog/pg_propgraph_element.h | 118 ++
src/include/catalog/pg_propgraph_element_label.h | 55 +
src/include/catalog/pg_propgraph_label.h | 55 +
src/include/catalog/pg_propgraph_label_property.h | 63 +
src/include/catalog/pg_propgraph_property.h | 64 +
src/include/commands/propgraphcmds.h | 23 +
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 139 ++
src/include/nodes/primnodes.h | 24 +
src/include/parser/analyze.h | 3 +
src/include/parser/kwlist.h | 9 +
src/include/parser/parse_graphtable.h | 24 +
src/include/parser/parse_node.h | 21 +
src/include/parser/parse_relation.h | 8 +
src/include/rewrite/rewriteGraphTable.h | 21 +
src/include/tcop/cmdtaglist.h | 3 +
src/include/utils/acl.h | 1 +
src/include/utils/lsyscache.h | 3 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/preproc/pgc.l | 12 +-
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/ecpg_schedule | 1 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/expected/sql-sqlpgq.c | 285 +++
.../ecpg/test/expected/sql-sqlpgq.stderr | 190 ++
.../ecpg/test/expected/sql-sqlpgq.stdout | 7 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/.gitignore | 2 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/Makefile | 1 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/meson.build | 1 +
src/interfaces/ecpg/test/sql/sqlpgq.pgc | 105 ++
src/test/regress/expected/alter_generic.out | 51 +-
.../regress/expected/create_property_graph.out | 926 ++++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/graph_table.out | 976 ++++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/graph_table_rls.out | 774 ++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/object_address.out | 26 +-
src/test/regress/expected/oidjoins.out | 12 +
src/test/regress/expected/privileges.out | 91 +
src/test/regress/parallel_schedule | 6 +-
src/test/regress/sql/alter_generic.sql | 34 +
src/test/regress/sql/create_property_graph.sql | 365 ++++
src/test/regress/sql/graph_table.sql | 567 ++++++
src/test/regress/sql/graph_table_rls.sql | 363 ++++
src/test/regress/sql/object_address.sql | 10 +-
src/test/regress/sql/privileges.sql | 58 +
src/tools/pgindent/typedefs.list | 19 +
122 files changed, 14888 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-)