pgsql: amcheck: Distinguish interrupted page deletion from corruption.

amcheck: Distinguish interrupted page deletion from corruption.

This prevents false-positive reports about "the first child of leftmost
target page is not leftmost of its level", "block %u is not leftmost"
and "left link/right link pair". They appeared if amcheck ran before
VACUUM cleaned things, after a cluster exited recovery between the
first-stage and second-stage WAL records of a deletion. Back-patch to
v11 (all supported versions).

Reviewed by Peter Geoghegan.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20231005025232.c7.nmisch@google.com

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6ec9e9975eff5260651d84ed8bcfd8ecb08e5fbb

Modified Files
--------------
contrib/amcheck/Makefile | 1 +
contrib/amcheck/meson.build | 1 +
contrib/amcheck/t/005_pitr.pl | 82 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
contrib/amcheck/verify_nbtree.c | 83 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
4 files changed, 163 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)