pgsql: Fix btmarkpos/btrestrpos array key wraparound bug.

Fix btmarkpos/btrestrpos array key wraparound bug.

nbtree's mark/restore processing failed to correctly handle an edge case
involving array key advancement and related search-type scan key state.
Scans with ScalarArrayScalarArrayOpExpr quals requiring mark/restore
processing (for a merge join) could incorrectly conclude that an
affected array/scan key must not have advanced during the time between
marking and restoring the scan's position.

As a result of all this, array key handling within btrestrpos could skip
a required call to _bt_preprocess_keys(). This confusion allowed later
primitive index scans to overlook tuples matching the true current array
keys. The scan's search-type scan keys would still have spurious values
corresponding to the final array element(s) -- not values matching the
first/now-current array element(s).

To fix, remember that "array key wraparound" has taken place during the
ongoing btrescan in a flag variable stored in the scan's state, and use
that information at the point where btrestrpos decides if another call
to _bt_preprocess_keys is required.

Oversight in commit 70bc5833, which taught nbtree to handle array keys
during mark/restore processing, but missed this subtlety. That commit
was itself a bug fix for an issue in commit 9e8da0f7, which taught
nbtree to handle ScalarArrayOpExpr quals natively.

Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg(at)bowt(dot)ie>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkgP3DDRJxw6DgjCxo-cu-DKrvjEv_ArkP2ctBJatDCYg@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch: 11- (all supported branches).

Branch
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REL_16_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3fa81b62e09befc0e839b2e1ef9ea92ef854a77d

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtree.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/nbtree/nbtutils.c | 17 ++++++++++++++++-
src/include/access/nbtree.h | 4 +++-
3 files changed, 20 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)