pgsql: Fix partition table's REPLICA IDENTITY checking on the subscribe

Fix partition table's REPLICA IDENTITY checking on the subscriber.

In logical replication, we will check if the target table on the
subscriber is updatable by comparing the replica identity of the table on
the publisher with the table on the subscriber. When the target table is a
partitioned table, we only check its replica identity but not for the
partition tables. This leads to assertion failure while applying changes
for update/delete as we expect those to succeed only when the
corresponding partition table has a primary key or has a replica
identity defined.

Fix it by checking the replica identity of the partition table while
applying changes.

Reported-by: Shi Yu
Author: Shi Yu, Hou Zhijie
Reviewed-by: Amit Langote, Amit Kapila
Backpatch-through: 13, where it was introduced
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OSZPR01MB6310F46CD425A967E4AEF736FDA49@OSZPR01MB6310.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com

Branch
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REL_14_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/52d5ea9adb010d0908e8962842571cd1f6c2d66c

Modified Files
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src/backend/replication/logical/relation.c | 115 +++++++++++++++++------------
src/backend/replication/logical/worker.c | 27 +++++--
src/test/subscription/t/013_partition.pl | 16 +++-
3 files changed, 102 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-)