pgsql: Fix some anomalies with NO SCROLL cursors.

Fix some anomalies with NO SCROLL cursors.

We have long forbidden fetching backwards from a NO SCROLL cursor,
but the prohibition didn't extend to cases in which we rewind the
query altogether and then re-fetch forwards. I think the reason is
that this logic was mainly meant to protect plan nodes that can't
be run in the reverse direction. However, re-reading the query output
is problematic if the query is volatile (which includes SELECT FOR
UPDATE, not just queries with volatile functions): the re-read can
produce different results, which confuses the cursor navigation logic
completely. Another reason for disliking this approach is that some
code paths will either fetch backwards or rewind-and-fetch-forwards
depending on the distance to the target row; so that seemingly
identical use-cases may or may not draw the "cursor can only scan
forward" error. Hence, let's clean things up by disallowing rewind
as well as fetch-backwards in a NO SCROLL cursor.

Ordinarily we'd only make such a definitional change in HEAD, but
there is a third reason to consider this change now. Commit ba2c6d6ce
created some new user-visible anomalies for non-scrollable cursors
WITH HOLD, in that navigation in the cursor result got confused if the
cursor had been partially read before committing. The only good way
to resolve those anomalies is to forbid rewinding such a cursor, which
allows removal of the incorrect cursor state manipulations that
ba2c6d6ce added to PersistHoldablePortal.

To minimize the behavioral change in the back branches (including
v14), refuse to rewind a NO SCROLL cursor only when it has a holdStore,
ie has been held over from a previous transaction due to WITH HOLD.
This should avoid breaking most applications that have been sloppy
about whether to declare cursors as scrollable. We'll enforce the
prohibition across-the-board beginning in v15.

Back-patch to v11, as ba2c6d6ce was.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3712911.1631207435@sss.pgh.pa.us

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c1b7a6c2731241cf5af4c08de54a64fc8999d727

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/commands/portalcmds.c | 28 +++++++++++-----
src/backend/tcop/pquery.c | 28 ++++++++++++++--
src/test/regress/expected/portals.out | 55 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/expected/tablesample.out | 2 +-
src/test/regress/sql/portals.sql | 32 ++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/tablesample.sql | 2 +-
6 files changed, 134 insertions(+), 13 deletions(-)