pgsql: Fix "unexpected relkind" error when denying permissions on toast

Fix "unexpected relkind" error when denying permissions on toast tables.

get_relkind_objtype, and hence get_object_type, failed when applied to a
toast table. This is not a good thing, because it prevents reporting of
perfectly legitimate permissions errors. (At present, these functions
are in fact *only* used to determine the ObjectType argument for
acl_error() calls.) It seems best to have them fall back to returning
OBJECT_TABLE in every case where they can't determine an object type
for a pg_class entry, so do that.

In passing, make some edits to alter.c to make it more obvious that
those calls of get_object_type() are used only for error reporting.
This might save a few cycles in the non-error code path, too.

Back-patch to v11 where this issue originated.

John Hsu, Michael Paquier, Tom Lane

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/C652D3DF-2B0C-4128-9420-FB5379F6B1E4@amazon.com

Branch
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REL_12_STABLE

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/791864193636764b4cbba0acd2b4eab7581eb2c3

Modified Files
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src/backend/catalog/objectaddress.c | 28 +++++++++++++++++++++-------
src/backend/commands/alter.c | 12 +++++-------
src/test/regress/expected/create_index.out | 9 +++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/create_index.sql | 7 +++++++
4 files changed, 42 insertions(+), 14 deletions(-)