pgsql: Fix handling of expressions and predicates in REINDEX CONCURRENT

Fix handling of expressions and predicates in REINDEX CONCURRENTLY

When copying the definition of an index rebuilt concurrently for the new
entry, the index information was taken directly from the old index using
the relation cache. In this case, predicates and expressions have
some post-processing to prepare things for the planner, which loses some
information including the collations added in any of them.

This inconsistency can cause issues when attempting for example a table
rewrite, and makes the new indexes rebuilt concurrently inconsistent
with the old entries.

In order to fix the problem, fetch expressions and predicates directly
from the catalog of the old entry, and fill in IndexInfo for the new
index with that. This makes the process more consistent with
DefineIndex(), and the code is refactored with the addition of a routine
to create an IndexInfo node.

Reported-by: Manuel Rigger
Author: Michael Paquier
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+u7OA5Hp0ra235F3czPom_FyAd-3+XwSJmX95r1+sRPOJc9VQ@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 12

Branch
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master

Details
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https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/7cce159349ccdb39ade07f869f08e4929ef2fe0b

Modified Files
--------------
src/backend/catalog/index.c | 74 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
src/backend/commands/indexcmds.c | 46 ++++++-------------
src/backend/nodes/makefuncs.c | 52 ++++++++++++++++++++-
src/include/nodes/makefuncs.h | 7 ++-
src/test/regress/expected/create_index.out | 72 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
src/test/regress/sql/create_index.sql | 28 +++++++++++
6 files changed, 237 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)