pgsql: Allow a partitioned table to have a default partition.

Allow a partitioned table to have a default partition.

Any tuples that don't route to any other partition will route to the
default partition.

Jeevan Ladhe, Beena Emerson, Ashutosh Bapat, Rahila Syed, and Robert
Haas, with review and testing at various stages by (at least) Rushabh
Lathia, Keith Fiske, Amit Langote, Amul Sul, Rajkumar Raghuanshi, Sven
Kunze, Kyotaro Horiguchi, Thom Brown, Rafia Sabih, and Dilip Kumar.

Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAH2L28tbN4SYyhS7YV1YBWcitkqbhSWfQCy0G=apRcC_PEO-bg@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: http://postgr.es/m/CAOG9ApEYj34fWMcvBMBQ-YtqR9fTdXhdN82QEKG0SVZ6zeL1xg@mail.gmail.com

Branch
------
master

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6f6b99d1335be8ea1b74581fc489a97b109dd08a

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml | 11 +
doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml | 31 +-
doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml | 35 +-
src/backend/catalog/heap.c | 41 +-
src/backend/catalog/partition.c | 644 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++---
src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c | 187 +++++++--
src/backend/nodes/copyfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/equalfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/outfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/nodes/readfuncs.c | 1 +
src/backend/parser/gram.y | 27 +-
src/backend/parser/parse_utilcmd.c | 12 +
src/backend/utils/adt/ruleutils.c | 8 +-
src/bin/psql/describe.c | 11 +-
src/bin/psql/tab-complete.c | 4 +-
src/include/catalog/catversion.h | 2 +-
src/include/catalog/partition.h | 7 +
src/include/catalog/pg_partitioned_table.h | 13 +-
src/include/commands/tablecmds.h | 4 +
src/include/nodes/parsenodes.h | 1 +
src/test/regress/expected/alter_table.out | 49 +++
src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out | 20 +
src/test/regress/expected/insert.out | 147 ++++++-
src/test/regress/expected/plancache.out | 26 ++
src/test/regress/expected/sanity_check.out | 4 +
src/test/regress/expected/update.out | 33 ++
src/test/regress/sql/alter_table.sql | 47 +++
src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql | 20 +
src/test/regress/sql/insert.sql | 69 +++-
src/test/regress/sql/plancache.sql | 21 +
src/test/regress/sql/update.sql | 24 ++
31 files changed, 1367 insertions(+), 135 deletions(-)