ci: Generate crashlogs on Windows

Hi,

cdb.exe was available on GHA Windows images but it wasn't configured
to generate crashlogs. Attached patch configures cdb.exe to generate
crashlogs to "<github.workspace>\crashlogs\" in
"crashlog-<pid-in-hex>.txt" format. Current upload logs step already
collects these logs so no change is needed there.

Most of the logic is copied from where (previous) Postgres CI Windows
images were generated [1]. When I use the '!adplusext.adpprocname'
debugger flag, the CI job hangs. It needs 'adplusext.dll' to run but
it isn't available on GHA Windows images.

Example GHA run which crashlogs are generated and collected:
https://github.com/nbyavuz/postgres/actions/runs/27275147059

[1] https://github.com/anarazel/pg-vm-images/blob/main/scripts/windows_install_dbg.ps1

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Regards,
Nazir Bilal Yavuz
Microsoft