Re: WIP: BRIN multi-range indexes

On Tue, Jan 12, 2021 at 1:42 PM Tomas Vondra <tomas(dot)vondra(at)enterprisedb(dot)com>
wrote:
> I suspect it'd due to minmax having to decide which "ranges" to merge,
> which requires repeated sorting, etc. I certainly don't dare to claim
> the current algorithm is perfect. I wouldn't have expected such big
> difference, though - so definitely worth investigating.

It seems that monotonically increasing (or decreasing) values in a table
are a worst case scenario for multi-minmax indexes, or basically, unique
values within a range. I'm guessing it's because it requires many passes
to fit all the values into a limited number of ranges. I tried using
smaller pages_per_range numbers, 32 and 8, and that didn't help.

Now, with a different data distribution, using only 10 values that repeat
over and over, the results are much more sympathetic to multi-minmax:

insert into iot (num, create_dt)
select random(), '2020-01-01 0:00'::timestamptz + (x % 10 || '
seconds')::interval
from generate_series(1,5*365*24*60*60) x;

create index cd_single on iot using brin(create_dt);
27.2s

create index cd_multi on iot using brin(create_dt
timestamptz_minmax_multi_ops);
30.4s

create index cd_bt on iot using btree(create_dt);
61.8s

Circling back to the monotonic case, I tried running a simple perf record
on a backend creating a multi-minmax index on a timestamptz column and
these were the highest non-kernel calls:
+ 21.98% 21.91% postgres postgres [.]
FunctionCall2Coll
+ 9.31% 9.29% postgres postgres [.]
compare_combine_ranges
+ 8.60% 8.58% postgres postgres [.] qsort_arg
+ 5.68% 5.66% postgres postgres [.]
brin_minmax_multi_add_value
+ 5.63% 5.60% postgres postgres [.] timestamp_lt
+ 4.73% 4.71% postgres postgres [.]
reduce_combine_ranges
+ 3.80% 0.00% postgres [unknown] [.]
0x0320016800040000
+ 3.51% 3.50% postgres postgres [.] timestamp_eq

There's no one place that's pathological enough to explain the 4x slowness
over traditional BRIN and nearly 3x slowness over btree when using a large
number of unique values per range, so making progress here would have to
involve a more holistic approach.

--
John Naylor
EDB: http://www.enterprisedb.com