Optimize postgres protocol for fixed size arrays

Hi,

During conversion of the jdbc driver to use binary encoding when receiving array objects from postgres it was noticed
that for example for int[] arrays the binary encoding is normally 30% to 200% larger in bytes than the text encoding.

This was of concern to some users with slower links to database. Even though the encoded size was larger the binary
encoding was still constantly faster (with 50% speed up for float[]).

Here is a patch that adds a new flag to the protocol that is set when all elements of the array are of same fixed size.
When the bit is set the 4 byte length is only sent once and not for each element. Another restriction is that the flag
can only be set when there are no NULLs in the array.

The postgres part is my first try at the problem and I really need some feedback around the detection of fixed size
elements. I just made a guess and noticed that typlen != 0 seemed to work for the basic types I user for testing.

First the postgres patch:

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c
index bfb6065..970272f 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/arrayfuncs.c
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ static void ReadArrayBinary(StringInfo buf, int nitems,
FmgrInfo *receiveproc, Oid typioparam, int32 typmod,
int typlen, bool typbyval, char typalign,
Datum *values, bool *nulls,
- bool *hasnulls, int32 *nbytes);
+ bool *hasnulls, int32 *nbytes, bool fixedlen);
static void CopyArrayEls(ArrayType *array,
Datum *values, bool *nulls, int nitems,
int typlen, bool typbyval, char typalign,
@@ -1242,7 +1242,7 @@ array_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
ndim, MAXDIM)));

flags = pq_getmsgint(buf, 4);
- if (flags != 0 && flags != 1)
+ if ((flags & ~3) != 0)
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
errmsg("invalid array flags")));
@@ -1327,7 +1327,7 @@ array_recv(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
&my_extra->proc, typioparam, typmod,
typlen, typbyval, typalign,
dataPtr, nullsPtr,
- &hasnulls, &nbytes);
+ &hasnulls, &nbytes, (flags & 2) != 0);
if (hasnulls)
{
dataoffset = ARR_OVERHEAD_WITHNULLS(ndim, nitems);
@@ -1390,7 +1390,8 @@ ReadArrayBinary(StringInfo buf,
Datum *values,
bool *nulls,
bool *hasnulls,
- int32 *nbytes)
+ int32 *nbytes,
+ bool fixedlen)
{
int i;
bool hasnull;
@@ -1403,7 +1404,7 @@ ReadArrayBinary(StringInfo buf,
char csave;

/* Get and check the item length */
- itemlen = pq_getmsgint(buf, 4);
+ itemlen = fixedlen ? typlen : pq_getmsgint(buf, 4);
if (itemlen < -1 || itemlen > (buf->len - buf->cursor))
ereport(ERROR,
(errcode(ERRCODE_INVALID_BINARY_REPRESENTATION),
@@ -1496,6 +1497,7 @@ array_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
int bitmask;
int nitems,
i;
+ int flags;
int ndim,
*dim;
StringInfoData buf;
@@ -1535,6 +1537,8 @@ array_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
typbyval = my_extra->typbyval;
typalign = my_extra->typalign;

+ flags = ARR_HASNULL(v) ? 1 : (typlen > 0 ? 2 : 0);
+
ndim = ARR_NDIM(v);
dim = ARR_DIMS(v);
nitems = ArrayGetNItems(ndim, dim);
@@ -1543,7 +1547,7 @@ array_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)

/* Send the array header information */
pq_sendint(&buf, ndim, 4);
- pq_sendint(&buf, ARR_HASNULL(v) ? 1 : 0, 4);
+ pq_sendint(&buf, flags, 4);
pq_sendint(&buf, element_type, sizeof(Oid));
for (i = 0; i < ndim; i++)
{
@@ -1571,7 +1575,8 @@ array_send(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)

itemvalue = fetch_att(p, typbyval, typlen);
outputbytes = SendFunctionCall(&my_extra->proc, itemvalue);
- pq_sendint(&buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ, 4);
+ if ((flags & 2) == 0)
+ pq_sendint(&buf, VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ, 4);
pq_sendbytes(&buf, VARDATA(outputbytes),
VARSIZE(outputbytes) - VARHDRSZ);
pfree(outputbytes);

And here is the matching jdbc driver patch (similar changes need to be done to other drivers too):

Index: org/postgresql/jdbc2/AbstractJdbc2Array.java
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvsroot/jdbc/pgjdbc/org/postgresql/jdbc2/AbstractJdbc2Array.java,v
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -r1.29 AbstractJdbc2Array.java
--- org/postgresql/jdbc2/AbstractJdbc2Array.java 30 Sep 2011 10:08:17 -0000 1.29
+++ org/postgresql/jdbc2/AbstractJdbc2Array.java 22 Nov 2011 21:06:15 -0000
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@

private Object readBinaryArray(int index, int count) throws SQLException {
int dimensions = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, 0);
- //int flags = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, 4); // bit 0: 0=no-nulls, 1=has-nulls
+ int flags = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, 4); // bit 0: 0=no-nulls, 1=has-nulls, bit 1: 0=variable-size objects, 2=fixed-size
int elementOid = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, 8);
int pos = 12;
int[] dims = new int[dimensions];
@@ -190,8 +190,12 @@
dims[0] = Math.min(count, dims[0]);
}
Object arr = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(elementOidToClass(elementOid), dims);
+ int len = -1;
+ if ((flags & 2) != 0) {
+ len = fixedBinaryLengthOfOid(elementOid);
+ }
try {
- storeValues((Object[]) arr, elementOid, dims, pos, 0, index);
+ storeValues((Object[]) arr, elementOid, dims, len, pos, 0, index);
}
catch (IOException ioe)
{
@@ -200,18 +204,27 @@
return arr;
}

- private int storeValues(final Object[] arr, int elementOid, final int[] dims, int pos, final int thisDimension, int index) throws SQLException, IOException {
+ private int storeValues(final Object[] arr, int elementOid, final int[] dims, int len, int pos, final int thisDimension, int index) throws SQLException,
IOException {
if (thisDimension == dims.length - 1) {
- for (int i = 1; i < index; ++i) {
- int len = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, pos); pos += 4;
- if (len != -1) {
- pos += len;
+ if (len > 0) {
+ pos += len * (index - 1);
+ } else {
+ for (int i = 1; i < index; ++i) {
+ int l = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, pos); pos += 4;
+ if (l != -1) {
+ pos += l;
+ }
}
}
for (int i = 0; i < dims[thisDimension]; ++i) {
- int len = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, pos); pos += 4;
- if (len == -1) {
- continue;
+ int l;
+ if (len > 0) {
+ l = len;
+ } else {
+ l = ByteConverter.int4(fieldBytes, pos); pos += 4;
+ if (l == -1) {
+ continue;
+ }
}
switch (elementOid) {
case Oid.INT2:
@@ -232,14 +245,14 @@
case Oid.TEXT:
case Oid.VARCHAR:
Encoding encoding = connection.getEncoding();
- arr[i] = encoding.decode(fieldBytes, pos, len);
+ arr[i] = encoding.decode(fieldBytes, pos, l);
break;
}
- pos += len;
+ pos += l;
}
} else {
for (int i = 0; i < dims[thisDimension]; ++i) {
- pos = storeValues((Object[]) arr[i], elementOid, dims, pos, thisDimension + 1, 0);
+ pos = storeValues((Object[]) arr[i], elementOid, dims, len, pos, thisDimension + 1, 0);
}
}
return pos;
@@ -358,6 +371,27 @@
}
}

+ private int fixedBinaryLengthOfOid(int oid) throws SQLException {
+ switch (oid) {
+ case Oid.INT2:
+ return 2;
+ case Oid.INT4:
+ return 4;
+ case Oid.INT8:
+ return 8;
+ case Oid.FLOAT4:
+ return 4;
+ case Oid.FLOAT8:
+ return 8;
+ case Oid.TEXT:
+ case Oid.VARCHAR:
+ return -1;
+ default:
+ throw org.postgresql.Driver.notImplemented(this.getClass(),
+ "readBinaryArray(data,oid)");
+ }
+ }
+
/**
* Build {(at)link ArrayList} from field's string input. As a result
* of this method {(at)link #arrayList} is build. Method can be called