[PATCH 1/2] Enable autovectorizing pg_checksum_block

From: Andrew Kim <andrew(dot)kim(at)intel(dot)com>

---
config/c-compiler.m4 | 31 +++++
configure | 52 +++++++++
configure.ac | 9 ++
meson.build | 28 +++++
src/include/pg_config.h.in | 3 +
src/include/storage/checksum_impl.h | 90 +++-----------
src/port/Makefile | 1 +
src/port/meson.build | 1 +
src/port/pg_checksum_dispatch.c | 174 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
9 files changed, 318 insertions(+), 71 deletions(-)
create mode 100644 src/port/pg_checksum_dispatch.c

diff --git a/config/c-compiler.m4 b/config/c-compiler.m4
index da40bd6a647..5eb3218deb5 100644
--- a/config/c-compiler.m4
+++ b/config/c-compiler.m4
@@ -711,6 +711,37 @@ fi
undefine([Ac_cachevar])dnl
])# PGAC_XSAVE_INTRINSICS

+# PGAC_AVX2_SUPPORT
+# -----------------------------
+# Check if the compiler supports AVX2 in attribute((target))
+# and using AVX2 intrinsics in those functions
+#
+# If the intrinsics are supported, sets pgac_avx2_support.
+AC_DEFUN([PGAC_AVX2_SUPPORT],
+[define([Ac_cachevar], [AS_TR_SH([pgac_cv_avx2_support])])dnl
+AC_CACHE_CHECK([for AVX2 support], [Ac_cachevar],
+[AC_LINK_IFELSE([AC_LANG_PROGRAM([#include <immintrin.h>
+ #include <stdint.h>
+ #if defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute (target)
+ __attribute__((target("avx2")))
+ #endif
+ static int avx2_test(void)
+ {
+ const char buf@<:@sizeof(__m256i)@:>@;
+ __m256i accum = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *) buf);
+ accum = _mm256_add_epi32(accum, accum);
+ int result = _mm256_extract_epi32(accum, 0);
+ return (int) result;
+ }],
+ [return avx2_test();])],
+ [Ac_cachevar=yes],
+ [Ac_cachevar=no])])
+if test x"$Ac_cachevar" = x"yes"; then
+ pgac_avx2_support=yes
+fi
+undefine([Ac_cachevar])dnl
+])# PGAC_AVX2_SUPPORT
+
# PGAC_AVX512_POPCNT_INTRINSICS
# -----------------------------
# Check if the compiler supports the AVX-512 popcount instructions using the
diff --git a/configure b/configure
index 39c68161cec..54da05ac0db 100755
--- a/configure
+++ b/configure
@@ -17608,6 +17608,58 @@ $as_echo "#define HAVE_XSAVE_INTRINSICS 1" >>confdefs.h

fi

+# Check for AVX2 target and intrinsic support
+#
+if test x"$host_cpu" = x"x86_64"; then
+ { $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: checking for AVX2 support" >&5
+$as_echo_n "checking for AVX2 support... " >&6; }
+if ${pgac_cv_avx2_support+:} false; then :
+ $as_echo_n "(cached) " >&6
+else
+ cat confdefs.h - <<_ACEOF >conftest.$ac_ext
+/* end confdefs.h. */
+#include <immintrin.h>
+ #include <stdint.h>
+ #if defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute (target)
+ __attribute__((target("avx2")))
+ #endif
+ static int avx2_test(void)
+ {
+ const char buf[sizeof(__m256i)];
+ __m256i accum = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *) buf);
+ accum = _mm256_add_epi32(accum, accum);
+ int result = _mm256_extract_epi32(accum, 0);
+ return (int) result;
+ }
+int
+main ()
+{
+return avx2_test();
+ ;
+ return 0;
+}
+_ACEOF
+if ac_fn_c_try_link "$LINENO"; then :
+ pgac_cv_avx2_support=yes
+else
+ pgac_cv_avx2_support=no
+fi
+rm -f core conftest.err conftest.$ac_objext \
+ conftest$ac_exeext conftest.$ac_ext
+fi
+{ $as_echo "$as_me:${as_lineno-$LINENO}: result: $pgac_cv_avx2_support" >&5
+$as_echo "$pgac_cv_avx2_support" >&6; }
+if test x"$pgac_cv_avx2_support" = x"yes"; then
+ pgac_avx2_support=yes
+fi
+
+ if test x"$pgac_avx2_support" = x"yes"; then
+
+$as_echo "#define USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK 1" >>confdefs.h
+
+ fi
+fi
+
# Check for AVX-512 popcount intrinsics
#
if test x"$host_cpu" = x"x86_64"; then
diff --git a/configure.ac b/configure.ac
index 066e3976c0a..2c484a12671 100644
--- a/configure.ac
+++ b/configure.ac
@@ -2118,6 +2118,15 @@ if test x"$pgac_xsave_intrinsics" = x"yes"; then
AC_DEFINE(HAVE_XSAVE_INTRINSICS, 1, [Define to 1 if you have XSAVE intrinsics.])
fi

+# Check for AVX2 target and intrinsic support
+#
+if test x"$host_cpu" = x"x86_64"; then
+ PGAC_AVX2_SUPPORT()
+ if test x"$pgac_avx2_support" = x"yes"; then
+ AC_DEFINE(USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK, 1, [Define to 1 to use AVX2 instructions with a runtime check.])
+ fi
+fi
+
# Check for AVX-512 popcount intrinsics
#
if test x"$host_cpu" = x"x86_64"; then
diff --git a/meson.build b/meson.build
index ab8101d67b2..ff42c41ca7e 100644
--- a/meson.build
+++ b/meson.build
@@ -2289,6 +2289,34 @@ int main(void)

endif

+###############################################################
+# Check for the availability of AVX2 support
+###############################################################
+
+if host_cpu == 'x86_64'
+
+ prog = '''
+#include <immintrin.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#if defined(__has_attribute) && __has_attribute (target)
+__attribute__((target("avx2")))
+#endif
+int main(void)
+{
+ const char buf[sizeof(__m256i)];
+ __m256i accum = _mm256_loadu_si256((const __m256i *) buf);
+ accum = _mm256_add_epi32(accum, accum);
+ int result = _mm256_extract_epi32(accum, 0);
+ return (int) result;
+}
+'''
+
+ if cc.links(prog, name: 'AVX2 support', args: test_c_args)
+ cdata.set('USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK', 1)
+ endif
+
+endif
+

###############################################################
# Check for the availability of AVX-512 popcount intrinsics.
diff --git a/src/include/pg_config.h.in b/src/include/pg_config.h.in
index c4dc5d72bdb..987f9b5c77c 100644
--- a/src/include/pg_config.h.in
+++ b/src/include/pg_config.h.in
@@ -675,6 +675,9 @@
/* Define to 1 to use AVX-512 CRC algorithms with a runtime check. */
#undef USE_AVX512_CRC32C_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK

+/* Define to 1 to use AVX2 instructions with a runtime check. */
+#undef USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+
/* Define to 1 to use AVX-512 popcount instructions with a runtime check. */
#undef USE_AVX512_POPCNT_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK

diff --git a/src/include/storage/checksum_impl.h b/src/include/storage/checksum_impl.h
index da87d61ba52..82e525529f4 100644
--- a/src/include/storage/checksum_impl.h
+++ b/src/include/storage/checksum_impl.h
@@ -101,12 +101,14 @@
*/

#include "storage/bufpage.h"
+#include "pg_config.h"

/* number of checksums to calculate in parallel */
#define N_SUMS 32
/* prime multiplier of FNV-1a hash */
#define FNV_PRIME 16777619

+
/* Use a union so that this code is valid under strict aliasing */
typedef union
{
@@ -142,74 +144,20 @@ do { \
* Block checksum algorithm. The page must be adequately aligned
* (at least on 4-byte boundary).
*/
-static uint32
-pg_checksum_block(const PGChecksummablePage *page)
-{
- uint32 sums[N_SUMS];
- uint32 result = 0;
- uint32 i,
- j;
-
- /* ensure that the size is compatible with the algorithm */
- Assert(sizeof(PGChecksummablePage) == BLCKSZ);
-
- /* initialize partial checksums to their corresponding offsets */
- memcpy(sums, checksumBaseOffsets, sizeof(checksumBaseOffsets));
-
- /* main checksum calculation */
- for (i = 0; i < (uint32) (BLCKSZ / (sizeof(uint32) * N_SUMS)); i++)
- for (j = 0; j < N_SUMS; j++)
- CHECKSUM_COMP(sums[j], page->data[i][j]);
-
- /* finally add in two rounds of zeroes for additional mixing */
- for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
- for (j = 0; j < N_SUMS; j++)
- CHECKSUM_COMP(sums[j], 0);
-
- /* xor fold partial checksums together */
- for (i = 0; i < N_SUMS; i++)
- result ^= sums[i];
-
- return result;
-}
-
-/*
- * Compute the checksum for a Postgres page.
- *
- * The page must be adequately aligned (at least on a 4-byte boundary).
- * Beware also that the checksum field of the page is transiently zeroed.
- *
- * The checksum includes the block number (to detect the case where a page is
- * somehow moved to a different location), the page header (excluding the
- * checksum itself), and the page data.
- */
-uint16
-pg_checksum_page(char *page, BlockNumber blkno)
-{
- PGChecksummablePage *cpage = (PGChecksummablePage *) page;
- uint16 save_checksum;
- uint32 checksum;
-
- /* We only calculate the checksum for properly-initialized pages */
- Assert(!PageIsNew((Page) page));
-
- /*
- * Save pd_checksum and temporarily set it to zero, so that the checksum
- * calculation isn't affected by the old checksum stored on the page.
- * Restore it after, because actually updating the checksum is NOT part of
- * the API of this function.
- */
- save_checksum = cpage->phdr.pd_checksum;
- cpage->phdr.pd_checksum = 0;
- checksum = pg_checksum_block(cpage);
- cpage->phdr.pd_checksum = save_checksum;
-
- /* Mix in the block number to detect transposed pages */
- checksum ^= blkno;
-
- /*
- * Reduce to a uint16 (to fit in the pd_checksum field) with an offset of
- * one. That avoids checksums of zero, which seems like a good idea.
- */
- return (uint16) ((checksum % 65535) + 1);
-}
+#define PG_DECLARE_CHECKSUM_ISA(ISANAME) \
+uint32 \
+pg_checksum_block_##ISANAME(const PGChecksummablePage *page);
+
+#define PG_DEFINE_CHECKSUM_ISA(ISANAME) \
+pg_attribute_target(#ISANAME) \
+uint32 pg_checksum_block_##ISANAME(const PGChecksummablePage *page) \
+
+/* Declare ISA implementations (declarations only in header) */
+#ifdef USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+PG_DECLARE_CHECKSUM_ISA(avx2);
+#endif
+PG_DECLARE_CHECKSUM_ISA(default);
+
+uint32 pg_checksum_block_dispatch(const PGChecksummablePage *page);
+extern uint32 (*pg_checksum_block)(const PGChecksummablePage *page);
+extern uint16 pg_checksum_page(char *page, BlockNumber blkno);
diff --git a/src/port/Makefile b/src/port/Makefile
index 4274949dfa4..27423f1058b 100644
--- a/src/port/Makefile
+++ b/src/port/Makefile
@@ -48,6 +48,7 @@ OBJS = \
pg_numa.o \
pg_popcount_aarch64.o \
pg_popcount_avx512.o \
+ pg_checksum_dispatch.o \
pg_strong_random.o \
pgcheckdir.o \
pgmkdirp.o \
diff --git a/src/port/meson.build b/src/port/meson.build
index fc7b059fee5..c4bbe9f2ece 100644
--- a/src/port/meson.build
+++ b/src/port/meson.build
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ pgport_sources = [
'pg_numa.c',
'pg_popcount_aarch64.c',
'pg_popcount_avx512.c',
+ 'pg_checksum_dispatch.c',
'pg_strong_random.c',
'pgcheckdir.c',
'pgmkdirp.c',
diff --git a/src/port/pg_checksum_dispatch.c b/src/port/pg_checksum_dispatch.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..15f7b8af34f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/port/pg_checksum_dispatch.c
@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+/*-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ *
+ * pg_checksum_dispatch.c
+ * Holds the AVX2 pg_popcount() implementation.
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2024-2025, PostgreSQL Global Development Group
+ *
+ * IDENTIFICATION
+ * src/port/pg_checksum_dispatch.c
+ *
+ *-------------------------------------------------------------------------
+ */
+#include "c.h"
+#include "storage/checksum_impl.h"
+
+#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID) || defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID_COUNT)
+#include <cpuid.h>
+#endif
+
+#ifdef HAVE_XSAVE_INTRINSICS
+#include <immintrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#if defined(HAVE__CPUID) || defined(HAVE__CPUIDEX)
+#include <intrin.h>
+#endif
+
+#include "port/pg_bitutils.h"
+
+/*
+ * Does CPUID say there's support for XSAVE instructions?
+ */
+static inline bool
+xsave_available(void)
+{
+ unsigned int exx[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+
+#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID)
+ __get_cpuid(1, &exx[0], &exx[1], &exx[2], &exx[3]);
+#elif defined(HAVE__CPUID)
+ __cpuid(exx, 1);
+#elif defined(__x86_64__)
+#error cpuid instruction not available
+#endif
+ return (exx[2] & (1 << 27)) != 0; /* osxsave */
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does XGETBV say the YMM registers are enabled?
+ *
+ * NB: Caller is responsible for verifying that xsave_available() returns true
+ * before calling this.
+ */
+#ifdef HAVE_XSAVE_INTRINSICS
+pg_attribute_target("xsave")
+#endif
+static inline bool
+ymm_regs_available(void)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_XSAVE_INTRINSICS
+ return (_xgetbv(0) & 0x06) == 0x06;
+#else
+ return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * Does CPUID say there's support for AVX-2
+ */
+static inline bool
+avx2_available(void)
+{
+#if defined (USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK) && defined(__x86_64__)
+ unsigned int exx[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
+ if (!xsave_available() || !ymm_regs_available()) return false;
+
+#if defined(HAVE__GET_CPUID_COUNT)
+ __get_cpuid_count(7, 0, &exx[0], &exx[1], &exx[2], &exx[3]);
+#elif defined(HAVE__CPUIDEX)
+ __cpuidex(exx, 7, 0);
+#else
+#error cpuid instruction not available
+#endif
+ return (exx[1] & (1 << 5)) != 0; /* avx2 */
+#else
+ return false;
+#endif
+}
+
+
+/* default checksum implementation */
+PG_DEFINE_CHECKSUM_ISA(default)
+{
+ uint32 sums[N_SUMS], result = 0;
+ uint32 i, j;
+
+ Assert(sizeof(PGChecksummablePage) == BLCKSZ);
+ memcpy(sums, checksumBaseOffsets, sizeof(checksumBaseOffsets));
+
+ for (i = 0; i < (uint32)(BLCKSZ / (sizeof(uint32) * N_SUMS)); i++)
+ for (j = 0; j < N_SUMS; j++)
+ CHECKSUM_COMP(sums[j], page->data[i][j]);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+ for (j = 0; j < N_SUMS; j++)
+ CHECKSUM_COMP(sums[j], 0);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < N_SUMS; i++)
+ result ^= sums[i];
+
+ return result;
+}
+
+#ifdef USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+PG_DEFINE_CHECKSUM_ISA(avx2)
+{
+ uint32 sums[N_SUMS], result = 0;
+ uint32 i, j;
+
+ Assert(sizeof(PGChecksummablePage) == BLCKSZ);
+ memcpy(sums, checksumBaseOffsets, sizeof(checksumBaseOffsets));
+
+ for (i = 0; i < (uint32)(BLCKSZ / (sizeof(uint32) * N_SUMS)); i++)
+ for (j = 0; j < N_SUMS; j++)
+ CHECKSUM_COMP(sums[j], page->data[i][j]);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
+ for (j = 0; j < N_SUMS; j++)
+ CHECKSUM_COMP(sums[j], 0);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < N_SUMS; i++)
+ result ^= sums[i];
+
+ return result;
+}
+#endif
+
+/* Function pointer - external linkage (declared extern in header) */
+uint32 (*pg_checksum_block)(const PGChecksummablePage *page) = pg_checksum_block_dispatch;
+
+/* Dispatch function: simple, safe */
+uint32 pg_checksum_block_dispatch(const PGChecksummablePage *page)
+{
+#ifdef USE_AVX2_WITH_RUNTIME_CHECK
+ if (avx2_available())
+ {
+ /* optional: patch pointer so next call goes directly */
+ pg_checksum_block = pg_checksum_block_avx2;
+ return pg_checksum_block_avx2(page);
+ }
+#endif
+ /* fallback */
+ pg_checksum_block = pg_checksum_block_default;
+ return pg_checksum_block_default(page);
+}
+
+
+/* Compute checksum for a Postgres page */
+uint16 pg_checksum_page(char *page, BlockNumber blkno)
+{
+ PGChecksummablePage *cpage = (PGChecksummablePage *) page;
+ uint16 save_checksum;
+ uint32 checksum;
+
+ Assert(!PageIsNew((Page) page));
+
+ save_checksum = cpage->phdr.pd_checksum;
+ cpage->phdr.pd_checksum = 0;
+ checksum = pg_checksum_block(cpage);
+ cpage->phdr.pd_checksum = save_checksum;
+
+ checksum ^= blkno;
+ return (uint16)((checksum % 65535) + 1);
+}
--
2.43.0