gcc build warnings at -O3

Hi,

On 2024-01-11 21:55:19 -0500, Tom Lane wrote:
> Bharath Rupireddy <bharath(dot)rupireddyforpostgres(at)gmail(dot)com> writes:
> > Hi, I'm seeing a compiler warning with CFLAGS -O3 but not with -O2.
>
> > In file included from dbcommands.c:20:
> > dbcommands.c: In function ‘createdb’:
> > ../../../src/include/postgres.h:104:16: warning: ‘src_hasloginevt’ may
> > be used uninitialized in this function [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
>
> Hmm, I also see that at -O3 (not at -O2) when using Fedora 39's
> gcc 13.2.1, but *not* when using RHEL8's gcc 8.5.0.

It's visible here with gcc >= 10. That's enough versions that I think we
should care. Interestingly enough, it seems to have recently have gotten
fixed in gcc master (14 to be).

> Some of them match up with warnings we're seeing on buildfarm member
> serinus, which I seem to recall that Andres had tracked to a known gcc bug.

Some, but I don't think all.

> In file included from ../../../../src/include/executor/instrument.h:16,
> from pgstat_io.c:19:
> pgstat_io.c: In function 'pgstat_count_io_op_time':
> pgstat_io.c:149:60: warning: array subscript 2 is above array bounds of 'instr_time[2][4][8]' [-Warray-bounds=]
> 149 | INSTR_TIME_ADD(PendingIOStats.pending_times[io_object][io_context][io_op],
> | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^~~~~~~~~~~

Huh, I don't see that with any version of gcc I tried.

> In file included from ../../../../src/include/access/htup_details.h:22,
> from pl_exec.c:21:
> In function 'assign_simple_var',
> inlined from 'exec_set_found' at pl_exec.c:8349:2:
> ../../../../src/include/varatt.h:230:36: warning: array subscript 0 is outside array bounds of 'char[0]' [-Warray-bounds=]
> 230 | (((varattrib_1b_e *) (PTR))->va_tag)
> | ^
> ../../../../src/include/varatt.h:94:12: note: in definition of macro 'VARTAG_IS_EXPANDED'
> 94 | (((tag) & ~1) == VARTAG_EXPANDED_RO)
> | ^~~
> ../../../../src/include/varatt.h:284:57: note: in expansion of macro 'VARTAG_1B_E'
> 284 | #define VARTAG_EXTERNAL(PTR) VARTAG_1B_E(PTR)
> | ^~~~~~~~~~~
> ../../../../src/include/varatt.h:301:57: note: in expansion of macro 'VARTAG_EXTERNAL'
> 301 | (VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL(PTR) && !VARTAG_IS_EXPANDED(VARTAG_EXTERNAL(PTR)))
> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> pl_exec.c:8537:17: note: in expansion of macro 'VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_NON_EXPANDED'
> 8537 | VARATT_IS_EXTERNAL_NON_EXPANDED(DatumGetPointer(newvalue)))
> | ^~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
> In function 'exec_set_found':
> cc1: note: source object is likely at address zero

This I see. If I hint to the compiler that var->datatype->typlen != 1 when
called from exec_set_found(), the warning vanishes. E.g. with

if (var->datatype->typlen == -1)
__builtin_unreachable();

I see one more warning:

[1390/2375 42 58%] Compiling C object src/backend/postgres_lib.a.p/utils_adt_jsonb_util.c.o
../../../../../home/andres/src/postgresql/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonb_util.c: In function 'compareJsonbContainers':
../../../../../home/andres/src/postgresql/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonb_util.c:296:34: warning: 'va.type' may be used uninitialized [-Wmaybe-uninitialized]
296 | res = (va.type > vb.type) ? 1 : -1;
| ~~^~~~~
../../../../../home/andres/src/postgresql/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonb_util.c:204:33: note: 'va' declared here
204 | JsonbValue va,
| ^~

I can't really blame the compiler here. There's a fairly lengthy comment
explaining that va.type/vb.type are set, and it took me a while to understand:

/*
* It's safe to assume that the types differed, and that the va
* and vb values passed were set.
*
* If the two values were of the same container type, then there'd
* have been a chance to observe the variation in the number of
* elements/pairs (when processing WJB_BEGIN_OBJECT, say). They're
* either two heterogeneously-typed containers, or a container and
* some scalar type.
*
* We don't have to consider the WJB_END_ARRAY and WJB_END_OBJECT
* cases here, because we would have seen the corresponding
* WJB_BEGIN_ARRAY and WJB_BEGIN_OBJECT tokens first, and
* concluded that they don't match.
*/

It's not surprising that the compiler can't understand that you can't get
ra = WJB_DONE, rb = WJB_END_ARRAY or such.

Greetings,

Andres Freund