BUG #19350: Short circuit optimization missed when running sql scriptes in JDBC

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 19350
Logged by: Chi Zhang
Email address: 798604270(at)qq(dot)com
PostgreSQL version: 17.6
Operating system: ubuntu 24.04 with docker
Description:

Hi,

In the following test case, if I run it in JDBC, the prepared statement will
trigger a divide by zero error. But if run it in command line, there will
not be the same error.

```
SET plan_cache_mode = force_generic_plan;
CREATE TABLE t0(c0 int4range);
INSERT INTO t0(c0) VALUES('[-1920846305,-1018839689)'::int4range);
PREPARE prepare_query (int8, int8) AS SELECT
((((((upper(t0.c0))))/($1)))*(($2::int8))) FROM ONLY t0;
EXECUTE prepare_query(0, NULL); -- trigger error in JDBC
SELECT ((((((upper(t0.c0))))/(0::int8)))*((NULL::int8))) FROM ONLY t0; --
always no error
```

This is the Java workload:
```
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class PostgresExecutor {

public static void main(String[] args) {
if (args.length != 1) {
System.err.println("usage: java PostgresExecutor <sql file
path>");
System.exit(1);
}

String filePath = args[0];
String url = "jdbc:postgresql://localhost:5433/test";
String user = "sqlancer";
String password = "sqlancer";

try (Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user,
password);
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new
FileReader(filePath))) {

System.out.println("Successfully connected to Postgres
database.");

String line;
try (Statement stmt = conn.createStatement()) {
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
line = line.trim();
if (line.isEmpty() || line.startsWith("--")) {
continue;
}

try {
System.out.println("Executing SQL: " + line);
boolean hasResult = stmt.execute(line);
if (hasResult) {
try (ResultSet rs = stmt.getResultSet()) {
ResultSetMetaData meta = rs.getMetaData();
int columnCount = meta.getColumnCount();

while (rs.next()) {
for (int i = 1; i <= columnCount; i++) {
System.out.print(rs.getString(i));
if (i < columnCount)
System.out.print("\t");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
} else {
int updateCount = stmt.getUpdateCount();
System.out.println("Execute successfully: " +
updateCount + " rows affected");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
System.err.println("Execute error: " + line);
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

I can reproduce this with postgresql-42.7.8.jar
```
java -cp
/root/.m2/repository/org/postgresql/postgresql/42.7.8/postgresql-42.7.8.jar
PostgresExecutor.java test.sql