BUG #19033: Inconsistency between prepared statement and normal statement when cast bit to integer

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 19033
Logged by: Chi Zhang
Email address: 798604270(at)qq(dot)com
PostgreSQL version: 18beta3
Operating system: ubuntu 24.04 with docker
Description:

Hi,

In the normal statement, casting a bit value to INT is allowed, but in a
prepared statement, it will trigger an error.

In the following test case, the first query will return 15, but the EXECUTE
statement will trigger an error: parameter $1 of type bit cannot be coerced
to the expected type integer

```
SELECT (B'1111')::INT;
int4
------
15
(1 row)

PREPARE prepare_query (unknown) AS SELECT $1::INT;
EXECUTE prepare_query(B'1111');
ERROR: parameter $1 of type bit cannot be coerced to the expected type
integer
```

If I modify the unknown type to bit, then the query can execute successfully
and return 15.
```
PREPARE prepare_query (bit) AS SELECT $1::INT;
EXECUTE prepare_query(B'1111');
int4
------
15
(1 row)
```

I also find if I first cast B'1111' to bit and then cast it to integer, it
will become 1. But the correct result should be 15.

```
SELECT ((B'1111')::bit)::INT;
int4
------
1
(1 row)
```