BUG #17557: ts_headline will error with "invalid memory alloc request size" for large documents

The following bug has been logged on the website:

Bug reference: 17557
Logged by: Alex Malek
Email address: magicagent(at)gmail(dot)com
PostgreSQL version: 14.4
Operating system: Red Hat
Description:

ts_headline when given a documents over a certain size/number of words will
cause "ERROR: invalid memory alloc request size XXXXXX"

# select ts_headline('b ' || repeat('1 ',16777215), $$'b'$$::tsquery,
'MaxWords=4, MinWords=3') ;
ERROR: invalid memory alloc request size 1610612736

Not just related to document size but also to number of "words" in a
document:

One less "word" works:

select ts_headline('b ' || repeat('1 ',16777214), $$'b'$$::tsquery,
'MaxWords=4, MinWords=3') ;
ts_headline
----------------
<b>b</b> 1 1 1
(1 row)

Mem not an issue for larger "words" up to a point:

# select ts_headline('b ' || repeat('123456789012345 ',16777214),
$$'b'$$::tsquery, 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=3') ;
ts_headline
----------------------------------------------------------
<b>b</b> 123456789012345 123456789012345 123456789012345
(1 row)

# select ts_headline('b ' || repeat('1234567890123456 ',16777214),
$$'b'$$::tsquery, 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=3') ;
ERROR: invalid memory alloc request size 1140850564

Memory issue appears to be triggered based on total number of words and word
length

# select ts_headline('b ' || repeat('1234567890123456 ',15790000),
$$'b'$$::tsquery, 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=3') ;
ts_headline
-------------------------------------------------------------
<b>b</b> 1234567890123456 1234567890123456 1234567890123456
(1 row)

# select ts_headline('b ' || repeat('1234567890123456 ',15795000),
$$'b'$$::tsquery, 'MaxWords=4, MinWords=3') ;
ERROR: invalid memory alloc request size 1074060012

I get the same results even when increasing psql GUCs including work_mem,
shared_buffers and effective_cache_size
Also on machines w/ significantly more RAM, with and w/o HugePages enabled.