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| Subject: | PostgreSQL Weekly News - December 19, 2021 | 
| Date: | 2021-12-20 13:43:20 | 
| Message-ID: | 164000780091.19321.13653556857992153262@wrigleys.postgresql.org | 
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# PostgreSQL Weekly News - December 19, 2021
FOSDEM PGDay 2022 will be held on line, on Feb 5-6, 2022.
[https://fosdem.org/2022/](https://fosdem.org/2022/)
A PostgreSQL Transition Guide, containing much hard-won wisdom, and available in
French and English, has been [published](https://www.postgresql.org/about/news/publication-of-the-transition-guide-to-postgresql-2348/)
[pgDay Paris 2022](https://2022.pgday.paris/about/) will be held in Paris,
France on March 24, 2022.  The [CfP](https://2022.pgday.paris/callforpapers/) is
open through December 31, 2021 at midnight, Paris time.
Citus Con, a virtual global developer event, is happening April 12-13, 2022. The
[CFP](https://www.citusdata.com/cituscon/2022/cfp/) is now open.
# PostgreSQL Product News
Pgpool-II 4.3.0, a connection pooler and statement replication system for
PostgreSQL,
[released](https://www.pgpool.net/docs/43/en/html/release-4-3-0.html).
Access-to-PostgreSQL v2.3 [released](https://convert-in.com/acc2pgs.htm).
check_pgbackrest 2.2, a Nagios-compatible monitor for pgBackRest, released.
https://github.com/dalibo/check_pgbackrest/releases
DB Comparer 5.0 for PostgreSQL
[released](https://www.sqlmanager.net/products/postgresql/dbcomparer).
Database .NET v33.6, a multi-database management tool, now with support for
PostgreSQL, [released](https://fishcodelib.com/Database.htm).
pgAdmin4 6.3, a web- and native GUI control center for PostgreSQL,
[released](https://www.pgadmin.org/docs/pgadmin4/6.3/release_notes_6_3.html).
pgFormatter 5.2, a formatter/beautifier for SQL code, released.
https://github.com/darold/pgFormatter/blob/master/ChangeLog
MySQL-to-PostgreSQL v5.5
[released](https://www.convert-in.com/mysql-to-postgres.htm).
# PostgreSQL Jobs for December
# PostgreSQL Local
Nordic PGDay 2022 will be held in Helsinki, Finland at the Hilton Helsinki
Strand Hotel on March 22, 2022.  The CfP is open through December 31, 2021
[here](https://2022.nordicpgday.org/cfp/)
# PostgreSQL in the News
Planet PostgreSQL: [https://planet.postgresql.org/](https://planet.postgresql.org/)
PostgreSQL Weekly News is brought to you this week by David Fetter
Submit news and announcements by Sunday at 3:00pm PST8PDT to david(at)fetter(dot)org(dot)
# Applied Patches
Michaël Paquier pushed:
- Improve psql tab completion for views, FDWs, sequences and transforms. The
  following improvements are done: - Addition of type completion for ALTER
  SEQUENCE AS. - Ignore ALTER for transforms, as the command is not supported. -
  Addition of more completion for ALTER FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER. - Addition of
  options related to columns in ALTER VIEW.  This is a continuation of the work
  done in 0cd6d3b.  Author: Ken Kato Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/9497ae9ca1b31eb9b1e97aded1c2ab07@oss.nttdata.com](https://postgr.es/m/9497ae9ca1b31eb9b1e97aded1c2ab07@oss.nttdata.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f44ceb46ec2d8da48f6e145bf462d5620c25e079](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f44ceb46ec2d8da48f6e145bf462d5620c25e079)
 
- Centralize timestamp computation of control file on updates. This commit moves
  the timestamp computation of the control file within the routine of
  src/common/ in charge of updating the backend's control file, which is shared
  by multiple frontend tools (pg_rewind, pg_checksums and pg_resetwal) and the
  backend itself.  This change has as direct effect to update the control file's
  timestamp when writing the control file in pg_rewind and pg_checksums,
  something that is helpful to keep track of control file updates for those
  operations, something also tracked by the backend at startup within its logs.
  This part is arguably a bug, as ControlFileData->time should be updated each
  time a new version of the control file is written, but this is a behavior
  change so no backpatch is done.  Author: Amul Sul Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart,
  Michael Paquier, Bharath Rupireddy Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAAJ_b97nd_ghRpyFV9Djf9RLXkoTbOUqnocq11WGq9TisX09Fw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAAJ_b97nd_ghRpyFV9Djf9RLXkoTbOUqnocq11WGq9TisX09Fw@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6fb7c5d67cdd55454fe6317f939a191f85e96473](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6fb7c5d67cdd55454fe6317f939a191f85e96473)
 
- Fix compatibility thinko for fstat() on standard streams in win32stat.c.
  GetFinalPathNameByHandleA() cannot be used in compilation environments where
  _WIN32_WINNT < 0x0600, meaning at least Windows XP used by some buildfarm
  members under MinGW that Postgres still needs to support. This was reported as
  a compilation warning by the buildfarm, but this is actually worse than the
  report as the code would have not worked.  Instead, this switches to
  GetFileInformationByHandle() that is able to fail for standard streams and
  succeed for redirected ones, which is what we are looking for herein the code
  emulating fstat().  We also know that it is able to work in all the
  environments still supported, thanks to the existing logic of win32stat.c.
  Issue introduced by 10260c7, so backpatch down to 14.  Reported-by: Justin
  Pryzby, via buildfarm member jacana Author: Michael Paquier Reviewed-by: Juan
  José Santamaría Flecha Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20211129050122.GK17618@telsasoft.com](https://postgr.es/m/20211129050122.GK17618@telsasoft.com)
  Backpatch-through: 14
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/58651d8dd6a56af306a361e2c386db798164c0f1](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/58651d8dd6a56af306a361e2c386db798164c0f1)
 
- Fix typos. Author: Lingjie Qiang Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/OSAPR01MB71654E773F62AC88DC1FC8CC80669@OSAPR01MB7165.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com](https://postgr.es/m/OSAPR01MB71654E773F62AC88DC1FC8CC80669@OSAPR01MB7165.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/98105e53e0ab472b7721a3e8d7b9f1750a635120](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/98105e53e0ab472b7721a3e8d7b9f1750a635120)
 
- Fix flags of some GUCs and improve some descriptions. This commit fixes some
  issues with GUCs: - enable_incremental_sort was not marked as GUC_EXPLAIN,
  causing it to not be listed in the output of EXPLAIN (SETTINGS) if using a
  value different than the default, contrary to the other planner-level GUCs. -
  trace_recovery_messages missed GUC_NOT_IN_SAMPLE, like the other developer
  options. - ssl_renegotiation_limit should be marked as
  COMPAT_OPTIONS_PREVIOUS.  While on it, this fixes one incorrect comment
  related to autovacuum_freeze_max_age, and improves the descriptions of some
  other GUCs, recently introduced.  Extracted from a larger patch set by the
  same author.  Author: Justin Pryzby Description:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20211129030833.GJ17618@telsasoft.com](https://postgr.es/m/20211129030833.GJ17618@telsasoft.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/be5455124b0f073ba3924ae2ba302a27b1686230](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/be5455124b0f073ba3924ae2ba302a27b1686230)
 
- Improve psql tab completion for various DROP commands. The following
  improvements are done: - Handling of RESTRICT/CASCADE for DROP OWNED, matviews
  and policies. - Handling of DROP TRANSFORM  This is a continuation of the work
  done in 0cd6d3b and f44ceb4.  Author: Ken Kato Reviewed-by: Asif Rehman
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/0fafb73f3a0c6bcec817a25ca9d5a853@oss.nttdata.com](https://postgr.es/m/0fafb73f3a0c6bcec817a25ca9d5a853@oss.nttdata.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/9270778f467dad0d78d3b9e435a89a6039322b2f](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/9270778f467dad0d78d3b9e435a89a6039322b2f)
 
- Fix comment grammar in slotfuncs.c. Author: Bharath Rupireddy Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACUkrNR2xTak+QaqxoTjPKGn8zXWripv7SR27t+Q5qF1Wg@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACUkrNR2xTak+QaqxoTjPKGn8zXWripv7SR27t+Q5qF1Wg@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/7799d4e3bdd14c90989d829a9b24e73d4ff4d4ad](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/7799d4e3bdd14c90989d829a9b24e73d4ff4d4ad)
 
- Move into separate file all the SQL queries used in pg_upgrade tests. The
  existing pg_upgrade/test.sh and the buildfarm code have been holding the same
  set of SQL queries when doing cross-version upgrade tests to adapt the objects
  created by the regression tests before the upgrade (mostly, incompatible or
  non-existing objects need to be dropped from the origin, perhaps re-created).
  This moves all those SQL queries into a new, separate, file with a set of \if
  clauses to handle the version checks depending on the old version of the
  cluster to-be-upgraded.  The long-term plan is to make the buildfarm code
  re-use this new SQL file, so as committers are able to fix any compatibility
  issues in the tests of pg_upgrade with a refresh of the core code, without
  having to poke at the buildfarm client.  Note that this is only able to handle
  the main regression test suite, and that nothing is done yet for contrib
  modules yet (these have more issues like their database names).  A backpatch
  down to 10 is done, adapting the version checks as this script needs to be
  only backward-compatible, so as it becomes possible to clean up a maximum
  amount of code within the buildfarm client.  Author: Justin Pryzby, Michael
  Paquier Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20201206180248.GI24052@telsasoft.com](https://postgr.es/m/20201206180248.GI24052@telsasoft.com)
  Backpatch-through: 10
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/0df9641d39057f431655b92b8a490b89c508a0b3](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/0df9641d39057f431655b92b8a490b89c508a0b3)
 
- pg_waldump: Emit stats summary when interrupted by SIGINT. Previously,
  pg_waldump would not display its statistics summary if it got interrupted by
  SIGINT (or say a simple Ctrl+C).  It gains with this commit a signal handler
  for SIGINT, trapping the signal to exit at the earliest convenience to allow a
  display of the stats summary before exiting.  This makes the reports more
  interactive, similarly to strace -c.  This new behavior makes the combination
  of the options --stats and --follow much more useful, so as the user will get
  a report for any invocation of pg_waldump in such a case.  Information about
  the LSN range of the stats computed is added as a header to the report
  displayed.  This implementation comes from a suggestion by Álvaro Herrera and
  myself, following a complaint by the author of this patch about --stats and
  --follow not being useful together originally.  As documented, this is not
  supported on Windows, though its support would be possible by catching the
  terminal events associated to Ctrl+C, for example (this may require a more
  centralized implementation, as other tools could benefit from a common API).
  Author: Bharath Rupireddy Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACUUx3PcK2z9h0_m7vehreZAUbcmOky9WSEpe8TofhV=PQ@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACUUx3PcK2z9h0_m7vehreZAUbcmOky9WSEpe8TofhV=PQ@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f2c52eeba919a1b191f60445001371bd7c53aaa9](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f2c52eeba919a1b191f60445001371bd7c53aaa9)
 
- Improve the description of various GUCs. This commit fixes a couple of
  inconsistencies in the descriptions of some GUCs, while making their wording
  more general regarding the units they rely on.  For most of them, this removes
  the use of terms like "N seconds" or "N bytes", which may not apply easily to
  all the languages these strings are translated to (from my own experience,
  this works in French and English, less in Japanese).  Per debate between the
  authors listed below.  Author: Justin Pryzby, Michael Paquier Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20211129030833.GJ17618@telsasoft.com](https://postgr.es/m/20211129030833.GJ17618@telsasoft.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/03774f9bb304d49fae3379806115aaa5d1fafea2](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/03774f9bb304d49fae3379806115aaa5d1fafea2)
 
- Fix corruption of toast indexes with REINDEX CONCURRENTLY. REINDEX
  CONCURRENTLY run on a toast index or a toast relation could corrupt the target
  indexes rebuilt, as a backend running in parallel that manipulates toast
  values would directly release the lock on the toast relation when its local
  operation is done, rather than releasing the lock once the transaction that
  manipulated the toast values committed.  The fix done here is simple: we now
  hold a ROW EXCLUSIVE lock on the toast relation when saving or deleting a
  toast value until the transaction working on them is committed, so as a
  concurrent reindex happening in parallel would be able to wait for any
  activity and see any new rows inserted (or deleted).  An isolation test is
  added to check after the case fixed here, which is a bit fancy by design as it
  relies on allow_system_table_mods to rename the toast table and its index to
  fixed names.  This way, it is possible to reindex them directly without any
  dependency on the OID of the underlying relation.  Note that this could not
  use a DO block either, as REINDEX CONCURRENTLY cannot be run in a transaction
  block.  The test is backpatched down to 13, where it is possible, thanks to
  c4a7a39, to use allow_system_table_mods in a test suite.  Reported-by: Alexey
  Ermakov Analyzed-by: Andres Freund, Noah Misch Author: Michael Paquier
  Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/17268-d2fb426e0895abd4@postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/17268-d2fb426e0895abd4@postgresql.org)
  Backpatch-through: 12
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f99870dd867331f576a84e37438da86a866559c4](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f99870dd867331f576a84e37438da86a866559c4)
 
- Improve parsing of options of CREATE/ALTER SUBSCRIPTION. This simplifies the
  code so as it is not necessary anymore for the caller of
  parse_subscription_options() to zero SubOpts, holding a bitmaps of the
  provided options as well as the default/parsed option values.  This also
  simplifies some checks related to the options supported by a command when
  checking for incompatibilities.  While on it, the errors generated for
  unsupported combinations with "slot_name = NONE" are reordered.  This may
  generate a different errors compared to the previous major versions, but users
  have to go through all those errors to get a correct command in this case when
  using incorrect values for options "enabled" and "create\slot", so at the end
  the resulting command would remain the same.  Author: Peter Smith Reviewed-by:
  Nathan Bossart Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAHut+PtXHfLgLHDDJ8ZN5f5Be_37mJoxpEsRg8LNmm4XCr06Rw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAHut+PtXHfLgLHDDJ8ZN5f5Be_37mJoxpEsRg8LNmm4XCr06Rw@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/00029deaf65aad47044d9290fe80f2f68601f7ac](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/00029deaf65aad47044d9290fe80f2f68601f7ac)
 
- Fix some typos with {a,an}. One of the changes impacts the documentation, so
  backpatch.  Author: Peter Smith Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAHut+Pu6+c+r3mY24VT7u+H+E_s6vMr5OdRiZ8NT3EOa-E5Lmw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAHut+Pu6+c+r3mY24VT7u+H+E_s6vMr5OdRiZ8NT3EOa-E5Lmw@mail.gmail.com)
  Backpatch-through: 14
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5d08137076fd39694188ec4625013756aab889e1](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5d08137076fd39694188ec4625013756aab889e1)
 
- Improve description of some WAL records with transaction commands. This commit
  improves the description of some WAL records for the Transaction RMGR: - Track
  remote_apply for a transaction commit.  This GUC is user-settable, so this
  information can be useful for debugging. - Add replication origin information
  for PREPARE TRANSACTION, with the origin ID, LSN and timestamp - Same as
  above, for ROLLBACK PREPARED.  This impacts the format of pg_waldump or
  anything using these description routines, so no backpatch is done.  Author:
  Masahiko Sawada, Michael Paquier Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoD2dJfgsdxk4_KciAZMZQoUiCvmV9sDpp8ZuKLtKCNXaA@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoD2dJfgsdxk4_KciAZMZQoUiCvmV9sDpp8ZuKLtKCNXaA@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c8b733c4c4b0c5b7aa93553aa5b7f2c1d0bf00bf](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c8b733c4c4b0c5b7aa93553aa5b7f2c1d0bf00bf)
 
- Remove assertion for replication origins in PREPARE TRANSACTION. When using
  replication origins, pg_replication_origin_xact_setup() is an optional choice
  to be able to set a LSN and a timestamp to mark the origin, which would be
  additionally added to WAL for transaction commits or aborts (including 2PC
  transactions).  An assertion in the code path of PREPARE TRANSACTION assumed
  that this data should always be set, so it would trigger when using
  replication origins without setting up an origin LSN.  Some tests are added to
  cover more this kind of scenario.  Oversight in commit 1eb6d65.  Per
  discussion with Amit Kapila and Masahiko Sawada.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/YbbBfNSvMm5nIINV@paquier.xyz](https://postgr.es/m/YbbBfNSvMm5nIINV@paquier.xyz)
  Backpatch-through: 11
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ece8c76192fee0b78509688325631ceabca44ff5](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ece8c76192fee0b78509688325631ceabca44ff5)
 
- Adjust behavior of some env settings for the TAP tests of MSVC. edc2332 has
  introduced in vcregress.pl some control on the environment variables LZ4, TAR
  and GZIP_PROGRAM to allow any TAP tests to be able use those commands.  This
  makes the settings more consistent with src/Makefile.global.in, as the same
  default gets used for Make and MSVC builds.  Each parameter can be changed in
  buildenv.pl, but as a default gets assigned after loading buldenv.pl, it is
  not possible to unset any of these, and using an empty value would not work
  with "||=" either.  As some environments may not have a compatible command in
  their PATH (tar coming from MinGW is an issue, for one), this could break
  tests without an exit path to bypass any failing test.  This commit changes
  things so as the default values for LZ4, TAR and GZIP_PROGRAM are assigned
  before loading buildenv.pl, not after.  This way, we keep the same amount of
  compatibility as a GNU build with the same defaults, and it becomes possible
  to unset any of those values.  While on it, this adds some documentation about
  those three variables in the section dedicated to the TAP tests for MSVC.  Per
  discussion with Andrew Dunstan.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/YbGYe483803il3X7@paquier.xyz](https://postgr.es/m/YbGYe483803il3X7@paquier.xyz)
  Backpatch-through: 10
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/7acd01015c4a5edb253ea9468ccb71ef99cabd1a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/7acd01015c4a5edb253ea9468ccb71ef99cabd1a)
 
- Add option -N/--no-sync to pg_upgrade. This is an option consistent with what
  the other tools of src/bin/ (pg_checksums, pg_dump, pg_rewind and
  pg_basebackup) provide which is useful for leveraging the I/O effort when
  testing things.  This is not to be used in a production environment.  All the
  regression tests of pg_upgrade are updated to use this new option.  This
  happens to cut at most a couple of seconds in environments constrained on I/O,
  by avoiding a flush of data folder for the new cluster upgraded.  Author:
  Michael Paquier Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/YbrhzuBmBxS/DkfX(at)paquier(dot)xyz](https://postgr.es/m/YbrhzuBmBxS/DkfX(at)paquier(dot)xyz)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3d5ffccb6df323f528cf870c26d0d0517ffe3eaa](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3d5ffccb6df323f528cf870c26d0d0517ffe3eaa)
 
- Fix typo in TAP tests of pg_receivewal. Introduced in d62bcc8, noticed while
  hacking in the area.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/22592e10b41a95f841642fa16127521989177bbc](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/22592e10b41a95f841642fa16127521989177bbc)
 
Tom Lane pushed:
- Replace random(), pg_erand48(), etc with a better PRNG API and algorithm.
  Standardize on xoroshiro128** as our basic PRNG algorithm, eliminating a bunch
  of platform dependencies as well as fundamentally-obsolete PRNG code.  In
  addition, this API replacement will ease replacing the algorithm again in
  future, should that become necessary.  xoroshiro128** is a few percent slower
  than the drand48 family, but it can produce full-width 64-bit random values
  not only 48-bit, and it should be much more trustworthy.  It's likely to be
  noticeably faster than the platform's random(), depending on which platform
  you are thinking about; and we can have non-global state vectors easily,
  unlike with random().  It is not cryptographically strong, but neither are the
  functions it replaces.  Fabien Coelho, reviewed by Dean Rasheed, Aleksander
  Alekseev, and myself  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.22.394.2105241211230.165418@pseudo](https://postgr.es/m/alpine.DEB.2.22.394.2105241211230.165418@pseudo)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3804539e48e794781c6145c7f988f5d507418fa8](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3804539e48e794781c6145c7f988f5d507418fa8)
 
- Portability hack for pg_global_prng_state. PGDLLIMPORT is only appropriate for
  variables declared in the backend, not when the variable is coming from a
  library included in frontend code. (This isn't a particularly nice fix, but
  for now, use the same method employed elsewhere.)  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/E1mrWUD-000235-Hq@gemulon.postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/E1mrWUD-000235-Hq@gemulon.postgresql.org)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/11b500072e42c214462b973b0b05f1c68992226b](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/11b500072e42c214462b973b0b05f1c68992226b)
 
- Simplify declaring variables exported from libpgcommon and libpgport. This
  reverts commits c2d1eea9e and 11b500072, as well as similar hacks elsewhere,
  in favor of setting up the PGDLLIMPORT macro so that it can just be used
  unconditionally.  That can work because in frontend code, we need no marking
  in either the defining or consuming files for a variable exported from these
  libraries; and frontend code has no need to access variables exported from the
  core backend, either.  While at it, write some actual documentation about the
  PGDLLIMPORT and PGDLLEXPORT macros.  Patch by me, based on a suggestion from
  Robert Haas.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/1160385.1638165449@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/1160385.1638165449@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e04a8059a74c125a8af94acdcb7b15b92188470a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e04a8059a74c125a8af94acdcb7b15b92188470a)
 
- Doc: improve documentation about ORDER BY in matviews. Remove the confusing
  use of ORDER BY in an example materialized view.  It adds nothing to the
  example, but might encourage people to follow bad practice.  Clarify REFRESH
  MATERIALIZED VIEW's note about whether view ordering is retained (it isn't).
  Maciek Sakrejda  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAOtHd0D-OvrUU0C=4hX28p4BaSE1XL78BAQ0VcDaLLt8tdUzsg@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAOtHd0D-OvrUU0C=4hX28p4BaSE1XL78BAQ0VcDaLLt8tdUzsg@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4f33af23e7e3ac30b3cb9480981c3accf401ef01](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4f33af23e7e3ac30b3cb9480981c3accf401ef01)
 
- Cope with cross-compiling when checking for a random-number source. Commit
  16f96c74d neglected to consider the possibility of cross-compiling, causing
  cross-compiles to fail at the configure stage unless you'd selected
  --with-openssl.  Since we're now more or less assuming that /dev/urandom is
  available everywhere, it seems reasonable to assume that the cross-compile
  target has it too, rather than failing.  Per complaint from Vincas Dargis.
  Back-patch to v14 where this came in.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/0dc14a31-acaf-8cae-0df4-a87339b22bd9@gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/0dc14a31-acaf-8cae-0df4-a87339b22bd9@gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b637101644aa84dccc7da4f30bad40452939b57a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b637101644aa84dccc7da4f30bad40452939b57a)
 
- psql: include intra-query "--" comments in what's sent to the server. psql's
  lexer has historically deleted dash-dash (single-line) comments from what's
  collected and sent to the server.  This is inconsistent with what it does for
  slash-star comments, and people have complained before that they wish such
  comments would be captured in the server log. Undoing the decision completely
  seems like too big a behavioral change, however.  In particular, comments on
  lines preceding the start of a query are generally not thought of as being
  part of that query.  What we can do to improve the situation is to capture
  comments that are clearly *within* a query, that is after the first
  non-whitespace, non-comment token but before the query's ending semicolon or
  backslash command.  This is a nearly trivial code change, and it affects only
  a few regression test results.  (It is tempting to try to apply the same rule
  to slash-star comments. But it's hard to see how to do that without getting
  strange history behavior for comments that cross lines, especially if the user
  then starts a new query on the same line as the star-slash.  In view of the
  lack of complaints, let's leave that case alone.)  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-cAdMVr7azeYR7nWKsNp7qhORzc84rV6d7m7knG5Hrtsw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-cAdMVr7azeYR7nWKsNp7qhORzc84rV6d7m7knG5Hrtsw@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/83884682f4df96184549b91869a1cf79dafb4f94](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/83884682f4df96184549b91869a1cf79dafb4f94)
 
- psql: treat "--" comments between queries as separate history entries. If
  we've not yet collected any non-whitespace, non-comment token for a new query,
  flush the current input line to history before reading another line.  This
  aligns psql's history behavior with the observation that lines containing only
  comments are generally not thought of as being part of the next query.  psql's
  prompting behavior is consistent with that view, too, since it won't change
  the prompt until you enter something that's neither whitespace nor a "--"
  comment.  Greg Nancarrow, simplified a bit by me  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-cAdMVr7azeYR7nWKsNp7qhORzc84rV6d7m7knG5Hrtsw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-cAdMVr7azeYR7nWKsNp7qhORzc84rV6d7m7knG5Hrtsw@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c2f654930e9f8119b9ed12caab6192d0aafe5ebd](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c2f654930e9f8119b9ed12caab6192d0aafe5ebd)
 
- psql: initialize comment-begin setting to a useful value by default.
  Readline's meta-# command is supposed to insert a comment marker at the start
  of the current line.  However, the default marker is "#" which is entirely
  unhelpful for SQL.  Set it to "-- " instead. (This setting can still be
  overridden in one's ~/.inputrc file, so this change won't affect people who
  have already taken steps to make the command useful.)  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-cAdMVr7azeYR7nWKsNp7qhORzc84rV6d7m7knG5Hrtsw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-cAdMVr7azeYR7nWKsNp7qhORzc84rV6d7m7knG5Hrtsw@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3d858af07ee67efda3778bdd655852afabf4a125](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3d858af07ee67efda3778bdd655852afabf4a125)
 
- Avoid leaking memory during large-scale REASSIGN OWNED BY operations. The
  various ALTER OWNER routines tend to leak memory in CurrentMemoryContext.
  That's not a problem when they're only called once per command; but in this
  usage where we might be touching many objects, it can amount to a serious
  memory leak.  Fix that by running each call in a short-lived context.  (DROP
  OWNED BY likely has a similar issue, except that you'll probably run out of
  lock table space before noticing.  REASSIGN is worth fixing since for most
  non-table object types, it won't take any lock.)  Back-patch to all supported
  branches.  Unfortunately, in the back branches this helps to only a limited
  extent, since the sinval message queue bloats quite a lot in this usage before
  commit 3aafc030a, consuming memory more or less comparable to what's actually
  leaked. Still, it's clearly a leak with a simple fix, so we might as well fix
  it.  Justin Pryzby, per report from Guillaume Lelarge  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAECtzeW2DAoioEGBRjR=CzHP6TdL=yosGku8qZxfX9hhtrBB0Q@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAECtzeW2DAoioEGBRjR=CzHP6TdL=yosGku8qZxfX9hhtrBB0Q@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/babe545caeba4c62feb3030940d93432721eea57](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/babe545caeba4c62feb3030940d93432721eea57)
 
- Add configure probe for rl_variable_bind(). Some exceedingly ancient readline
  libraries lack this function, causing commit 3d858af07 to fail.  Per buildfarm
  (via Michael Paquier).  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/E1msTLm-0007Cm-Ri@gemulon.postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/E1msTLm-0007Cm-Ri@gemulon.postgresql.org)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a7da41981021575e2359683d994eec6c9d246321](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a7da41981021575e2359683d994eec6c9d246321)
 
- On Windows, close the client socket explicitly during backend shutdown. It
  turns out that this is necessary to keep Winsock from dropping any
  not-yet-sent data, such as an error message explaining the reason for process
  termination.  It's pretty weird that the implicit close done by the kernel
  acts differently from an explicit close, but it's hard to argue with
  experimental results.  Independently submitted by Alexander Lakhin and Lars
  Kanis (comments by me, though).  Back-patch to all supported branches.
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/90b34057-4176-7bb0-0dbb-9822a5f6425b@greiz-reinsdorf.de](https://postgr.es/m/90b34057-4176-7bb0-0dbb-9822a5f6425b@greiz-reinsdorf.de)
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/16678-253e48d34dc0c376@postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/16678-253e48d34dc0c376@postgresql.org)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6051857fc953a62db318329c4ceec5f9668fd42a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6051857fc953a62db318329c4ceec5f9668fd42a)
 
- Refactor pg_dump's tracking of object components to be dumped. Split the
  DumpableObject.dump bitmask field into separate bitmasks tracking which
  components are requested to be dumped (in the existing "dump" field) and which
  components exist for the particular object (in the new "components" field).
  This gets rid of some klugy and easily-broken logic that involved setting bits
  and later clearing them.  More importantly, it restores the originally
  intended behavior that pg_dump's secondary data-gathering queries should not
  be executed for objects we have no interest in dumping.  That optimization got
  broken when the dump flag was turned into a bitmask, because irrelevant bits
  tended to remain set in many cases.  Since the "components" field starts from
  a minimal set of bits and is added onto as needed, ANDing it with "dump"
  provides a reliable indicator of what we actually have to dump, without having
  to complicate the logic that manages the request bits.  This makes a
  significant difference in the number of queries needed when, for example,
  there are many functions in extensions.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2273648.1634764485@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2273648.1634764485@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc](https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5209c0ba0bfd16f23e38f707e487c0626e70564c](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5209c0ba0bfd16f23e38f707e487c0626e70564c)
 
- Rethink pg_dump's handling of object ACLs. Throw away most of the existing
  logic for this, as it was very inefficient thanks to expensive sub-selects
  executed to collect ACL data that we very possibly would have no interest in
  dumping. Reduce the ACL handling in the initial per-object-type queries to be
  just collection of the catalog ACL fields, as it was originally.  Fetch
  pg_init_privs data separately in a single scan of that catalog, and do the
  merging calculations on the client side.  Remove the separate code path used
  for pre-9.6 source servers; there is no good reason to treat them differently
  from newer servers that happen to have empty pg_init_privs.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2273648.1634764485@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2273648.1634764485@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc](https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/0c9d84427f441602425b0e18be5cfe751d1d8ebe](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/0c9d84427f441602425b0e18be5cfe751d1d8ebe)
 
- Postpone calls of unsafe server-side functions in pg_dump. Avoid calling
  pg_get_partkeydef(), pg_get_expr(relpartbound), and regtypeout until we have
  lock on the relevant tables. The existing coding is at serious risk of failure
  if there are any concurrent DROP TABLE commands going on --- including drops
  of other sessions' temp tables.  Arguably this is a bug fix that should be
  back-patched, but it's moderately invasive and we've not had all that many
  complaints about such failures.  Let's just put it in HEAD for now.
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2273648.1634764485@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2273648.1634764485@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc](https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e3fcbbd623b9ccc16cdbda374654d91a4727d173](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e3fcbbd623b9ccc16cdbda374654d91a4727d173)
 
- Avoid per-object queries in performance-critical paths in pg_dump. Instead of
  issuing a secondary data-collection query against each table to be dumped,
  issue just one query, with a WHERE clause restricting it to be applied to only
  the tables we intend to dump. Likewise for indexes, constraints, and triggers.
  This greatly reduces the number of queries needed to dump a database
  containing many tables.  It might seem that WHERE clauses listing many target
  OIDs could be inefficient, but at least on recent server versions this
  provides a very substantial speedup.  (In principle the same thing could be
  done with other object types such as functions; but that would require
  significant refactoring of pg_dump, so those will be tackled in a different
  way in a following patch.)  The new WHERE clauses depend on the unnest()
  function, which is only present in 8.4 and above.  We could implement them
  differently for older servers, but there is an ongoing discussion that will
  probably result in dropping pg_dump support for servers before 9.2, so that
  seems like it'd be wasted work.  For now, just bump the server version check
  to require >= 8.4, without stopping to remove any of the code that's thereby
  rendered dead.  We'll mop that situation up soon.  Patch by me, based on an
  idea from Andres Freund.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc](https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/9895961529ef8ff3fc12b39229f9a93e08bca7b7](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/9895961529ef8ff3fc12b39229f9a93e08bca7b7)
 
- Use PREPARE/EXECUTE for repetitive per-object queries in pg_dump. For objects
  such as functions, pg_dump issues the same secondary data-collection query
  against each object to be dumped.  This can't readily be refactored to avoid
  the repetitive queries, but we can PREPARE these queries to reduce planning
  costs.  This patch applies the idea to functions, aggregates, operators, and
  data types.  While it could be carried further, the remaining sorts of objects
  aren't likely to appear in typical databases enough times to be worth worrying
  over.  Moreover, doing the PREPARE is likely to be a net loss if there aren't
  at least some dozens of objects to apply the prepared query to.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc](https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/be85727a3df743a1f7e93b41dd7ac2b667e8ae04](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/be85727a3df743a1f7e93b41dd7ac2b667e8ae04)
 
- Account for TOAST data while scheduling parallel dumps. In parallel mode,
  pg_dump tries to order the table-data-dumping jobs with the largest tables
  first.  However, it was only consulting the pg_class.relpages value to
  determine table size. This ignores TOAST data, and so we could make poor
  scheduling decisions in cases where some large tables are mostly TOASTed data
  while others have very little.  To fix, add in the relpages value for the
  TOAST table as well.  This patch also fixes a potential integer-overflow issue
  that could result in poor scheduling on machines where off_t is only 32 bits
  wide.  Such platforms are probably extinct in the wild, but we do still
  nominally support them, so repair.  Per complaint from Hans Buschmann.
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc](https://postgr.es/m/7d7eb6128f40401d81b3b7a898b6b4de@W2012-02.nidsa.loc)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/65aaed22a849c0763f38f81338a1cad04ffc0e2c](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/65aaed22a849c0763f38f81338a1cad04ffc0e2c)
 
- On Windows, also call shutdown() while closing the client socket. Further
  experimentation shows that commit 6051857fc is not sufficient when using (some
  versions of?) OpenSSL.  The reason is obscure, but calling shutdown(socket,
  SD_SEND) improves matters.  Per testing by Andrew Dunstan and Alexander
  Lakhin. Back-patch as before.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/af5e0bf3-6a61-bb97-6cba-061ddf22ff6b@dunslane.net](https://postgr.es/m/af5e0bf3-6a61-bb97-6cba-061ddf22ff6b@dunslane.net)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ed52c3707bcf8858defb0d9de4b55f5c7f18fed7](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ed52c3707bcf8858defb0d9de4b55f5c7f18fed7)
 
- Doc: improve xfunc-c-type-table. List types numeric and timestamptz, which
  don't seem to have ever been included here.  Restore bigint, which was
  no-doubt-accidentally deleted in v12.  Fix some errors, or at least obsolete
  usages (nobody declares float arguments as "float8*" anymore, even though they
  might be that under the hood).  Re-alphabetize.  Remove the seeming claim that
  this is a complete list of built-in types.  Per question from Oskar Stenberg.
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/HE1PR03MB2971DE2527ECE1E99D6C19A8F96E9@HE1PR03MB2971.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com](https://postgr.es/m/HE1PR03MB2971DE2527ECE1E99D6C19A8F96E9@HE1PR03MB2971.eurprd03.prod.outlook.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6f0e6ab04de5f52e4e0872d3ace2bb6a35e8b0b1](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/6f0e6ab04de5f52e4e0872d3ace2bb6a35e8b0b1)
 
- Create a new type category for "internal use" types. Historically we've put
  type "char" into the S (String) typcategory, although calling it a string is a
  stretch considering it can only store one byte.  (In our actual usage, it's
  more like an enum.) This choice now seems wrong in view of the special
  heuristics that parse_func.c and parse_coerce.c have for TYPCATEGORY_STRING:
  it's not a great idea for "char" to have those preferential casting behaviors.
  Worse than that, recent patches inventing special-purpose types like
  pg_node_tree have assigned typcategory S to those types, meaning they also get
  preferential casting treatment that's designed on the assumption that they can
  hold arbitrary text.  To fix, invent a new category TYPCATEGORY_INTERNAL for
  internal-use types, and assign that to all these types.  I used code 'Z' for
  lack of a better idea ('I' was already taken).  This change breaks one query
  in psql/describe.c, which now needs to explicitly cast a catalog "char" column
  to text before concatenating it with an undecorated literal.  Also, a test
  case in contrib/citext now needs an explicit cast to convert citext to "char".
  Since the point of this change is to not have "char" be a
  surprisingly-available cast target, these breakages seem OK.  Per report from
  Ian Campbell.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2216388.1638480141@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2216388.1638480141@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/07eee5a0dc642d26f44d65c4e6263304208e8583](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/07eee5a0dc642d26f44d65c4e6263304208e8583)
 
- Implement poly_distance(). geo_ops.c contains half a dozen functions that are
  just stubs throwing ERRCODE_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED.  Since it's been like that
  for more than twenty years, there's clearly not a lot of interest in filling
  in the stubs.  However, I'm uncomfortable with deleting poly_distance(), since
  every other geometric type supports a distance-to-another-object-
  of-the-same-type function.  We can easily add this capability by cribbing from
  poly_overlap() and path_distance().  It's possible that the (existing) test
  case for this will show some numeric instability, but hopefully the buildfarm
  will expose it if so.  In passing, improve the documentation to try to explain
  why polygons are distinct from closed paths in the first place.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/3426566.1638832718@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/3426566.1638832718@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c5c192d7bdfa78f19e735610488b1cc5ad6e41cc](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c5c192d7bdfa78f19e735610488b1cc5ad6e41cc)
 
- Doc: de-document unimplemented geometric operators. In commit 791090bd7, I
  made an effort to fill in documentation for all geometric operators listed in
  pg_operator.  However, it now appears that at least some of the omissions may
  have been intentional, because some of those operator entries point at
  unimplemented stub functions.  Remove those from the docs again.  (In HEAD,
  poly_distance stays, because c5c192d7b just added an implementation for it.)
  Per complaint from Anton Voloshin.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/3426566.1638832718@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/3426566.1638832718@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/922b23c13be075595c2abc67736b214cb90f84d9](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/922b23c13be075595c2abc67736b214cb90f84d9)
 
- Remove unimplemented/undocumented geometric functions & operators. Nobody has
  filled in these stubs for upwards of twenty years, so it's time to drop the
  idea that they might get implemented any day now.  The associated pg_operator
  and pg_proc entries are just confusing wastes of space.  Per complaint from
  Anton Voloshin.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/3426566.1638832718@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/3426566.1638832718@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/189699dd3680d85c74c3886b33d9a9f83301defd](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/189699dd3680d85c74c3886b33d9a9f83301defd)
 
- Fix datatype confusion in logtape.c's right_offset(). This could only matter
  if (a) long is wider than int, and (b) the heap of free blocks exceeds
  UINT_MAX entries, which seems pretty unlikely. Still, it's a theoretical bug,
  so backpatch to v13 where the typo came in (in commit c02fdc922).  In passing,
  also make swap_nodes() use consistent datatypes.  Ma Liangzhu  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/17336-fc4e522d26a750fd@postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/17336-fc4e522d26a750fd@postgresql.org)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2de3c1015cb2556af501c630b1768a20f111fe95](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2de3c1015cb2556af501c630b1768a20f111fe95)
 
- Improve sift up/down code in binaryheap.c and logtape.c. Borrow the logic
  that's long been used in tuplesort.c: instead of physically swapping the data
  in two heap entries, keep the value that's being sifted up or down in a local
  variable, and just move the other values as necessary.  This makes the code
  shorter as well as faster.  It's not clear that any current callers are really
  time-critical enough to notice, but we might as well code heap maintenance the
  same way everywhere.  Ma Liangzhu and Tom Lane  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/17336-fc4e522d26a750fd@postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/17336-fc4e522d26a750fd@postgresql.org)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a2ff18e89ff8f29677084bffd1e3de9ca6cd7224](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a2ff18e89ff8f29677084bffd1e3de9ca6cd7224)
 
- Remove pg_dump/pg_dumpall support for dumping from pre-9.2 servers. Per
  discussion, we'll limit support for old servers to those branches that can
  still be built easily on modern platforms, which as of now is 9.2 and up.
  Remove over a thousand lines of code dedicated to dumping from older server
  versions.  (As in previous changes of this sort, we aren't removing
  pg_restore's ability to read older archive files ... though it's fair to
  wonder how that might be tested nowadays.)  This cleans up some dead code left
  behind by commit 989596152.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/30e7c175b81d53c0f60f6ad12d1913a6d7d77008](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/30e7c175b81d53c0f60f6ad12d1913a6d7d77008)
 
- Remove pg_upgrade support for upgrading from pre-9.2 servers. Per discussion,
  we'll limit support for old servers to those branches that can still be built
  easily on modern platforms, which as of now is 9.2 and up.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e469f0aaf3c586c8390bd65923f97d4b1683cd9f](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e469f0aaf3c586c8390bd65923f97d4b1683cd9f)
 
- Remove pg_dump's --no-synchronized-snapshots switch. Server versions for which
  there was a plausible reason to use this switch are all out of support now.
  Leaving it around would accomplish little except to let careless DBAs shoot
  themselves in the foot.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/556122.1639520324@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/556122.1639520324@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2a712066d0587f65fcecd44e884dc6a09958dbdd](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/2a712066d0587f65fcecd44e884dc6a09958dbdd)
 
- Always use ReleaseTupleDesc after lookup_rowtype_tupdesc et al. The API spec
  for lookup_rowtype_tupdesc previously said you could use either
  ReleaseTupleDesc or DecrTupleDescRefCount.  However, the latter choice means
  the caller must be certain that the returned tupdesc is refcounted.  I don't
  recall right now whether that was always true when this spec was written, but
  it's certainly not always true since we introduced shared record typcaches for
  parallel workers.  That means that callers using DecrTupleDescRefCount are
  dependent on typcache behavior details that they probably shouldn't be.
  Hence, change the API spec to say that you must call ReleaseTupleDesc, and fix
  the half-dozen callers that weren't.  AFAICT this is just future-proofing,
  there's no live bug here. So no back-patch.  Per gripe from Chapman Flack.
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/61B901A4.1050808@anastigmatix.net](https://postgr.es/m/61B901A4.1050808@anastigmatix.net)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bbc227e951ecc59a29205be4952a623e7d1dd534](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bbc227e951ecc59a29205be4952a623e7d1dd534)
 
- Clean up some more freshly-dead code in pg_dump and pg_upgrade. I missed a few
  things in 30e7c175b and e469f0aaf, as noted by Justin Pryzby.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c49d926833fa6a987e3f9a66027f4a01d7a008be](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c49d926833fa6a987e3f9a66027f4a01d7a008be)
 
- Remove psql support for server versions preceding 9.2. Per discussion, we'll
  limit support for old servers to those branches that can still be built easily
  on modern platforms, which as of now is 9.2 and up.  Aside from removing code
  that is dead per the assumption of server >= 9.2, I tweaked the startup
  warning for unsupported versions to complain about too-old servers as well as
  too-new ones.  The warning that "Some psql features might not work" applies
  precisely to both cases.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/2923349.1634942313@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/cf0cab868aa4758b7eec5f9412f2ec74acda7f45](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/cf0cab868aa4758b7eec5f9412f2ec74acda7f45)
 
- Ensure casting to typmod -1 generates a RelabelType. Fix the code changed by
  commit 5c056b0c2 so that we always generate RelabelType, not something else,
  for a cast to unspecified typmod. Otherwise planner optimizations might not
  happen.  It appears we missed this point because the previous experiments were
  done on type numeric: the parser undesirably generates a call on the numeric()
  length-coercion function, but then numeric_support() optimizes that down to a
  RelabelType, so that everything seems fine. It misbehaves for types that have
  a non-optimized length coercion function, such as bpchar.  Per report from
  John Naylor.  Back-patch to all supported branches, as the previous patch
  eventually was.  Unfortunately, that no longer includes 9.6 ... we really
  shouldn't put this type of change into a nearly-EOL branch.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAFBsxsEfbFHEkouc+FSj+3K1sHipLPbEC67L0SAe-9-da8QtYg@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAFBsxsEfbFHEkouc+FSj+3K1sHipLPbEC67L0SAe-9-da8QtYg@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/9c356f4b2dd8f8ff49757287e387ab1d023e4449](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/9c356f4b2dd8f8ff49757287e387ab1d023e4449)
 
- Fix the public schema's permissions in a separate test script. In the wake of
  commit b073c3ccd, it's necessary to grant create permissions on the public
  schema to PUBLIC to get many of the core regression test scripts to pass.
  That commit did so via the quick-n-dirty expedient of adding the GRANT to the
  tablespace test, which runs first.  This is problematic for single-machine
  replication testing, though.  The least painful way to run the regression
  tests on such a setup is to skip the tablespace test, and that no longer
  works.  To fix, let's invent a separate "test_setup" script to run first, and
  put the GRANT there.  Revert b073c3ccd's changes to the tablespace.source
  files.  In the future it might be good to try to reduce coupling between the
  various test scripts by having test_setup create widely-used objects, with the
  goal that most of the scripts could run after having run only test_setup.
  That's going to take some effort, so this commit just addresses my immediate
  pain point.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/1363170.1639763559@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/1363170.1639763559@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/944dc45d1b633c4d612cdff9f15153ed609eaa35](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/944dc45d1b633c4d612cdff9f15153ed609eaa35)
 
- Remove some more dead code in pg_dump. Coverity complained that parts of
  dumpFunc() and buildACLCommands() were now unreachable, as indeed they are.
  Remove 'em.  In passing, make dumpFunc's handling of protrftypes less
  gratuitously different from other fields.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b1c169caf0678a82cf26b5656e01399f6153456b](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b1c169caf0678a82cf26b5656e01399f6153456b)
 
Peter Geoghegan pushed:
- vacuumlazy.c: Rename dead_tuples to dead_items. Commit 8523492d simplified
  what it meant for an item to be considered "dead" to VACUUM: TIDs collected in
  memory (in preparation for index vacuuming) must always come from LP_DEAD stub
  line pointers in heap pages, found following pruning.  This formalized the
  idea that index vacuuming (and heap vacuuming) are optional processes.  Unlike
  pruning, they can be delayed indefinitely, without any risk of that violating
  fundamental invariants.  For example, leaving LP_DEAD items behind clearly
  won't add to the risk of transaction ID wraparound.  You can't have
  transaction ID wraparound without transaction IDs.  Renaming anything that
  references DEAD tuples (tuples with storage) reinforces all this.  Code
  outside vacuumlazy.c continues to fudge the distinction between dead/deleted
  tuples, and LP_DEAD items.  This is necessary because autovacuum scheduling is
  still mostly driven by "dead items/tuples" statistics.  In the future we may
  find it useful to replace this model with something more sophisticated, as a
  step towards teaching autovacuum to perform more frequent vacuuming that
  targeting individual indexes that happen to be more prone to becoming bloated
  through version churn.  In passing, simplify some function signatures that
  deal with VACUUM's dead_items array.  Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg(at)bowt(dot)ie>
  Reviewed-By: Masahiko Sawada <sawada(dot)mshk(at)gmail(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzktGBg4si6DEdmq3q6SoXSDqNi6MtmB8CmmTmvhsxDTLA@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzktGBg4si6DEdmq3q6SoXSDqNi6MtmB8CmmTmvhsxDTLA@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4f8d9d1217956798e761491d236af576b27f5e12](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4f8d9d1217956798e761491d236af576b27f5e12)
 
- vacuumlazy.c: fix remaining "dead tuple" references. Oversight in commit
  4f8d9d12.  Reported-By: Masahiko Sawada <sawada(dot)mshk(at)gmail(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoDm38Em0bvRqeQKr4HPvOj65Y8cUgCP4idMk39iaLrxyw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoDm38Em0bvRqeQKr4HPvOj65Y8cUgCP4idMk39iaLrxyw@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4bdfe6855901a4104dbdac2be53d465b626e244d](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4bdfe6855901a4104dbdac2be53d465b626e244d)
 
- Standardize cleanup lock terminology. The term "super-exclusive lock" is a
  synonym for "buffer cleanup lock" that first appeared in nbtree many years
  ago.  Standardize things by consistently using the term cleanup lock.  This
  finishes work started by commit 276db875.  There is no good reason to have two
  terms.  But there is a good reason to only have one: to avoid confusion around
  why VACUUM acquires a full cleanup lock (not just an ordinary exclusive lock)
  in index AMs, during ambulkdelete calls.  This has nothing to do with
  protecting the physical index data structure itself.  It is needed to
  implement a locking protocol that ensures that TIDs pointing to the heap/table
  structure cannot get marked for recycling by VACUUM before it is safe (which
  is somewhat similar to how VACUUM uses cleanup locks during its first heap
  pass).  Note that it isn't strictly necessary for index AMs to implement this
  locking protocol -- several index AMs use an MVCC snapshot as their sole
  interlock to prevent unsafe TID recycling.  In passing, update the nbtree
  README.  Cleanly separate discussion of the aforementioned index vacuuming
  locking protocol from discussion of the "drop leaf page pin" optimization
  added by commit 2ed5b87f.  We now structure discussion of the latter by
  describing how individual index scans may safely opt out of applying the
  standard locking protocol (and so can avoid blocking progress by VACUUM).
  Also document why the optimization is not safe to apply during nbtree
  index-only scans.  Author: Peter Geoghegan <pg(at)bowt(dot)ie> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzngHgQa92tz6NQihf4nxJwRzCV36yMJO_i8dS+2mgEVKw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzngHgQa92tz6NQihf4nxJwRzCV36yMJO_i8dS+2mgEVKw@mail.gmail.com)
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkHPgsBBvGWjz=8PjNhDefy7XRkDKiT5NxMs-n5ZCf2dA@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAH2-WzkHPgsBBvGWjz=8PjNhDefy7XRkDKiT5NxMs-n5ZCf2dA@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bcf60585e6e0e95f0b9e5d64c7a6edca99ec6e86](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bcf60585e6e0e95f0b9e5d64c7a6edca99ec6e86)
 
Amit Kapila pushed:
- Add a view to show the stats of subscription workers. This commit adds a new
  system view pg_stat_subscription_workers, that shows information about any
  errors which occur during the application of logical replication changes as
  well as during performing initial table synchronization. The subscription
  statistics entries are removed when the corresponding subscription is removed.
  It also adds an SQL function pg_stat_reset_subscription_worker() to reset
  single subscription errors.  The contents of this view can be used by an
  upcoming patch that skips the particular transaction that conflicts with the
  existing data on the subscriber.  This view can be extended in the future to
  track other xact related statistics like the number of xacts committed/aborted
  for subscription workers.  Author: Masahiko Sawada Reviewed-by: Greg
  Nancarrow, Hou Zhijie, Tang Haiying, Vignesh C, Dilip Kumar, Takamichi Osumi,
  Amit Kapila Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoDeScrsHhLyEPYqN3sydg6PxAPVBboK=30xJfUVihNZDA@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoDeScrsHhLyEPYqN3sydg6PxAPVBboK=30xJfUVihNZDA@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/8d74fc96db5fd547e077bf9bf4c3b67f821d71cd](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/8d74fc96db5fd547e077bf9bf4c3b67f821d71cd)
 
- Doc: Add "Attach Partition" limitation during logical replication. ATTACHing a
  table into a partition tree whose root is published using a publication with
  publish_via_partition_root set to true does not result in the table's existing
  contents being replicated. This happens because subscriber doesn't consider
  replicating the newly attached partition as the root table is already in a
  'ready' state.  This behavior was introduced in PG13 (83fd4532a7) where we
  allowed to publish partition changes via ancestors.  We can consider fixing
  this limitation in the future.  Author: Amit Langote Reviewed-by: Hou Zhijie,
  Amit Kapila Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB5716E97F00732B52DC2BBC2594989@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com](https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB5716E97F00732B52DC2BBC2594989@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/eb7828f54a44843a64a23d0891d7eb6018c0749e](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/eb7828f54a44843a64a23d0891d7eb6018c0749e)
 
- Fix regression test failure caused by commit 8d74fc96db. The tests didn't
  considered that an error unrelated to apply changes, e.g. "replication origin
  with OID %d is already active ...", could occur on the table sync worker
  before starting to copy changes.  To make the test robust we instead need to
  check the expected error and the source of error which will be either
  tablesync or apply worker.  In passing remove the harmless option "streaming =
  off" from Create Subscription command as that is anyway the default.  Per
  buildfarm member sidewinder.  Author: Masahiko Sawada Reviewed-by: Hou Zhijie,
  Vignesh C, Amit Kapila Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoDeScrsHhLyEPYqN3sydg6PxAPVBboK=30xJfUVihNZDA@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoDeScrsHhLyEPYqN3sydg6PxAPVBboK=30xJfUVihNZDA@mail.gmail.com)
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/E1mrtvV-0002Gz-73@gemulon.postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/E1mrtvV-0002Gz-73@gemulon.postgresql.org)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/41e66fee051619ab84828814554f73556a958850](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/41e66fee051619ab84828814554f73556a958850)
 
- De-duplicate the result of pg_publication_tables view. We show duplicate
  values for child tables in publications that have both child and parent tables
  and are published with publish_via_partition_root as false which is not what
  the user would expect.  We decided not to backpatch this as there is no user
  complaint about this and it doesn't seem to be a critical issue.  Author: Hou
  Zhijie Reviewed-by: Bharath Rupireddy, Amit Langote, Amit Kapila Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB5716E97F00732B52DC2BBC2594989@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com](https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB5716E97F00732B52DC2BBC2594989@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a61bff2bf479cfebda18a1655323eec1b19370de](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a61bff2bf479cfebda18a1655323eec1b19370de)
 
- Fix changing the ownership of ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA publication. Ensure that
  the new owner of ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA publication must be a superuser. The
  same is already ensured during CREATE PUBLICATION.  Author: Vignesh C
  Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart, Greg Nancarrow, Michael Paquier, Haiying Tang
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm0E5U-RqxFuFrkZrQeG7ae5trGa=xs=iRtPPHULtT4zOw@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CALDaNm0E5U-RqxFuFrkZrQeG7ae5trGa=xs=iRtPPHULtT4zOw@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/1a2aaeb0db1bccd97140d479c4247127f6cb9378](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/1a2aaeb0db1bccd97140d479c4247127f6cb9378)
 
- Fix origin timestamp during decoding of ROLLBACK PREPARED operation. This
  happens because we were passing incorrect arguments to
  ReorderBufferFinishPrepared().  Author: Masahiko Sawada Reviewed-by: Vignesh C
  Backpatch-through: 14 Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoBqhUqgDZUhUVnnwKRubPDNJ6m6fJDPgok3E5cWJLL+pA@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAD21AoBqhUqgDZUhUVnnwKRubPDNJ6m6fJDPgok3E5cWJLL+pA@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e464cb7af317e216fef9bfe19a7c4df542817012](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e464cb7af317e216fef9bfe19a7c4df542817012)
 
- Fix double publish of child table's data. We publish the child table's data
  twice for a publication that has both child and parent tables and is published
  with publish_via_partition_root as true. This happens because subscribers will
  initiate synchronization using both parent and child tables, since it gets
  both as separate tables in the initial table list.  Ensure that
  pg_publication_tables returns only parent tables in such cases.  Author: Hou
  Zhijie Reviewed-by: Greg Nancarrow, Amit Langote, Vignesh C, Amit Kapila
  Backpatch-through: 13 Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB57167F45D481F78CDC5986F794B99@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com](https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB57167F45D481F78CDC5986F794B99@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5e97905a2c764d4ca36f5c6cccd0ebbf157b9df4](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5e97905a2c764d4ca36f5c6cccd0ebbf157b9df4)
 
- Improve parallel vacuum implementation. Previously, in parallel vacuum, we
  allocated shmem area of IndexBulkDeleteResult only for indexes where parallel
  index vacuuming is safe and had null-bitmap in shmem area to access them. This
  logic was too complicated with a small benefit of saving only a few bits per
  indexes.  In this commit, we allocate a dedicated shmem area for the array of
  LVParallelIndStats that includes a parallel-safety flag, the index vacuum
  status, and IndexBulkdeleteResult. There is one array element for every index,
  even those indexes where parallel index vacuuming is unsafe or not worthwhile.
  This commit makes the code clear by removing all bitmap-related code.  Also,
  add the check each index vacuum status after parallel index vacuum to make
  sure that all indexes have been processed.  Finally, rename parallel vacuum
  functions to parallel_vacuum_* for consistency.  Author: Masahiko Sawada,
  based on suggestions by Andres Freund Reviewed-by: Hou Zhijie, Amit Kapila
  Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20211030212101.ae3qcouatwmy7tbr%40alap3.anarazel.de](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/20211030212101.ae3qcouatwmy7tbr%40alap3.anarazel.de)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/22bd3cbe0c284758d7174321f5596763095cdd55](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/22bd3cbe0c284758d7174321f5596763095cdd55)
 
Daniel Gustafsson pushed:
- Extend configure_test_server_for_ssl to add extensions. In order to be able to
  test extensions with SSL connections, allow configure_test_server_for_ssl to
  create any extensions passed as an array. Each extension is created in all the
  test databases.  Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl(at)sss(dot)pgh(dot)pa(dot)us> Reviewed-by: Andrew
  Dunstan <andrew(at)dunslane(dot)net> Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari Mannsåker
  <ilmari(at)ilmari(dot)org> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/E23F9811-0C77-45DA-912F-D809AB140741@yesql.se](https://postgr.es/m/E23F9811-0C77-45DA-912F-D809AB140741@yesql.se)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/879fc1a579cc2e2e1dbb79686668b4de2071ab83](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/879fc1a579cc2e2e1dbb79686668b4de2071ab83)
 
- Add TAP tests for contrib/sslinfo. This adds rudimentary coverage of the
  sslinfo extension into the SSL test harness.  The output is validated by
  comparing with pg_stat_ssl to provide some level of test stability should the
  underlying certs be slightly altered.  A new cert is added to provide an
  extension to test against.  Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl(at)sss(dot)pgh(dot)pa(dot)us>
  Reviewed-by: Andrew Dunstan <andrew(at)dunslane(dot)net> Reviewed-by: Dagfinn Ilmari
  Mannsåker <ilmari(at)ilmari(dot)org> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/E23F9811-0C77-45DA-912F-D809AB140741@yesql.se](https://postgr.es/m/E23F9811-0C77-45DA-912F-D809AB140741@yesql.se)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ae81776a23f78babc9707e22f95dea15aa2dbcd2](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ae81776a23f78babc9707e22f95dea15aa2dbcd2)
 
- Use test-specific temp path for keys during SSL test. The SSL and SCRAM TAP
  test suites both use temporary copies of the supplied test keys in order to
  ensure correct permissions.  These were however copied inside the tree using
  temporary filenames rather than a true temporary folder.  Fix by using
  tmp_check supplied by PostgreSQL::Test::Utils. Spotted by Tom Lane during
  review of the nearby sslinfo TAP test patch.  Reviewed-by: Tom Lane
  <tgl(at)sss(dot)pgh(dot)pa(dot)us> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/599244.1638041239@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/599244.1638041239@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c113d8ad50d62bfcc16bbd5ceec91122e0046ede](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c113d8ad50d62bfcc16bbd5ceec91122e0046ede)
 
- Remove PF_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY from variables in general use. fsstate in
  process_pending_requests (in postgres_fdw.c) was added in 8998e3cafa2 as an
  assertion-only variable,  1ec7fca8592 stated using the variable outside of
  assertions.  rd_index in get_index_column_opclass (in lsyscache.c) was
  introduced in 2a6368343ff, and then promptly used in the fix commit
  7e041603904 shortly thereafter.  This removes the PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY
  variable decoration from the above mentioned variables.  Reviewed-by: Greg
  Nancarrow <gregn4422(at)gmail(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/F959106C-0F21-43A5-B2AE-D007D51ACBEE@yesql.se](https://postgr.es/m/F959106C-0F21-43A5-B2AE-D007D51ACBEE@yesql.se)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ac0db34e0e5c7ee6f8b5c33c264de3e671fbd4f7](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/ac0db34e0e5c7ee6f8b5c33c264de3e671fbd4f7)
 
- Disable unused-variable warning C4101 in MSVC. The C4101 warning for unused
  variable cannot be individually suppressed with PG_USED_FOR_ASSERTS_ONLY, and
  thus cause false-positive warnings for variables which are defined but only
  read/written in an assertion. Until a satisfactory solution for per-variable
  suppression like how we do for gcc and clang, disable the warning.
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-c+KniGAp31pn8TC=9a-WHXpkX-3+8-2BkaCsZchhu=8w@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAJcOf-c+KniGAp31pn8TC=9a-WHXpkX-3+8-2BkaCsZchhu=8w@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e7122548a3f754060db1767582148b3559fe8d43](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e7122548a3f754060db1767582148b3559fe8d43)
 
- Extend the private key stat checking error handling. If the stat operation on
  the private key failed, the code assumed it was due to an ENOENT, which may or
  may not be true. Extend the check by printing a different error message on
  non-ENOENT errors for easier debugging.  Per suggestion by Tom Lane due to an
  issue with the fairywren animal in the buildfarm.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/1632478.1638305700@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/1632478.1638305700@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/538724fc36e05339ea3734f1b886a67398fce71a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/538724fc36e05339ea3734f1b886a67398fce71a)
 
- Remove mention of TimeLineID update from comments. Commit 4a92a1c3d removed
  the TimeLineID update from RecoveryInProgress, update comments accordingly.
  Author: Amul Sul <sulamul(at)gmail(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAAJ_b96wyzs8N45jc-kYd-bTE02hRWQieLZRpsUtNbhap7_PuQ@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAAJ_b96wyzs8N45jc-kYd-bTE02hRWQieLZRpsUtNbhap7_PuQ@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/018b800245c5d4db30d204fa42fada05a64eb287](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/018b800245c5d4db30d204fa42fada05a64eb287)
 
- Fix certificate paths to use perl2host. Commit c113d8ad50 moved the copying of
  certificates into a temporary path for the duration of the tests, instead of
  using the source tree. This broke the tests on msys as the absolute path
  wasn't adapted for the msys platform. Ensure to convert the path with
  perl2host before copying and passing in the connection string.  While there
  also make certificate copying error handling uniform across all the test
  suites.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/YacT3tm97xziSUFw@paquier.xyz](https://postgr.es/m/YacT3tm97xziSUFw@paquier.xyz)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c3b34a0ff4a00d00d6ea364c85201e155ca7ef6b](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/c3b34a0ff4a00d00d6ea364c85201e155ca7ef6b)
 
- Fix path delimiters in connection string on Windows. The temporary path
  generated in commit c113d8ad5 cannot be passed as-is in the connection string
  on Windows since the path delimiting backslashes will be treated as escape
  characters. Fix by converting backslash to slash as in similar path usecases
  in other tests.  Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres(at)anarazel(dot)de> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20211202195130.e7pprpsx4ell22sp@alap3.anarazel.de](https://postgr.es/m/20211202195130.e7pprpsx4ell22sp@alap3.anarazel.de)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/49422ad0cc88c91a38522b2a7b222c2f2c939f82](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/49422ad0cc88c91a38522b2a7b222c2f2c939f82)
 
- Doc: Fix misleading wording of CRL parameters. ssl_crl_file and ssl_crl_dir
  are both used to for client certificate revocation, not server certificates.
  The description for the params could be easily misread to mean the opposite
  however,  as evidenced by the bugreport leading to this fix.  Similarly,
  expand sslcrl and and sslcrldir to explicitly mention server certificates.
  While there also mention sslcrldir where previously only sslcrl was discussed.
  Backpatch down to v10, with the CRL dir fixes down to 14 where they were
  introduced.  Author: Kyotaro Horiguchi <horikyota(dot)ntt(at)gmail(dot)com> Reviewed-by:
  Peter Eisentraut <peter(dot)eisentraut(at)enterprisedb(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20211202.135441.590555657708629486.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/20211202.135441.590555657708629486.horikyota.ntt@gmail.com)
  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CABWY_HCBUCjY1EJHrEGePGEaSZ5b29apgTohCyygtsqe_ySYng@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CABWY_HCBUCjY1EJHrEGePGEaSZ5b29apgTohCyygtsqe_ySYng@mail.gmail.com)
  Backpatch-through: 10
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fadac33bb8de1cb9005aed07cdd059ba1fa9c6f8](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fadac33bb8de1cb9005aed07cdd059ba1fa9c6f8)
 
Álvaro Herrera pushed:
- Increase size of shared memory for pg_commit_ts. Like 5364b357fb11 did for
  pg_commit, change the formula used to determine number of pg_commit_ts
  buffers, which helps performance with larger servers.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20210115220744.GA24457@alvherre.pgsql](https://postgr.es/m/20210115220744.GA24457@alvherre.pgsql)
  Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah(at)leadboat(dot)com> Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra
  <tomas(dot)vondra(at)enterprisedb(dot)com>
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4c83e59e01a89b0b19245b8e0317d87ae60226eb](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4c83e59e01a89b0b19245b8e0317d87ae60226eb)
 
Tomáš Vondra pushed:
- Ignore BRIN indexes when checking for HOT udpates. When determining whether an
  index update may be skipped by using HOT, we can ignore attributes indexed
  only by BRIN indexes. There are no index pointers to individual tuples in
  BRIN, and the page range summary will be updated anyway as it relies on
  visibility info.  This also removes rd_indexattr list, and replaces it with
  rd_attrsvalid flag. The list was not used anywhere, and a simple flag is
  sufficient.  Patch by Josef Simanek, various fixes and improvements by me.
  Author: Josef Simanek Reviewed-by: Tomas Vondra, Alvaro Herrera Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAFp7QwpMRGcDAQumN7onN9HjrJ3u4X3ZRXdGFT0K5G2JWvnbWg%40mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAFp7QwpMRGcDAQumN7onN9HjrJ3u4X3ZRXdGFT0K5G2JWvnbWg%40mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5753d4ee320b3f6fb2ff734667a1ce1d9d8615a1](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5753d4ee320b3f6fb2ff734667a1ce1d9d8615a1)
 
- Add bool to btree_gist documentation. Commit 57e3c516 added bool opclass to
  btree_gist, but update the list of data types in docs to reflect this change.
  Reported-by: Pavel Luzanov Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAE2gYzyDKJBZngssR84VGZEN=Ux=V9FV23QfPgo+7-yYnKKg4g@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAE2gYzyDKJBZngssR84VGZEN=Ux=V9FV23QfPgo+7-yYnKKg4g@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4c6145b514fa62535f8a5029283de3a54d9cfd53](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/4c6145b514fa62535f8a5029283de3a54d9cfd53)
 
- Move test for BRIN HOT behavior to stats.sql. The test added by 5753d4ee32
  relies on statistics collector, and so it may occasionally fail when the UDP
  packet gets lost. Some machines may be susceptible to this, probably depending
  on load etc.  Move the test to stats.sql, which is known to already have this
  issue and people know to ignore it.  Reported-by: Justin Pryzby Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CAFp7QwpMRGcDAQumN7onN9HjrJ3u4X3ZRXdGFT0K5G2JWvnbWg%40mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CAFp7QwpMRGcDAQumN7onN9HjrJ3u4X3ZRXdGFT0K5G2JWvnbWg%40mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fe60b67250a31cd1ac2a4882f12e199e30abd316](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fe60b67250a31cd1ac2a4882f12e199e30abd316)
 
Peter Eisentraut pushed:
- doc: Some additional information about when to use referential actions.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5786fe154b53caef8b226ed863312d3608b32a51](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5786fe154b53caef8b226ed863312d3608b32a51)
 
- Warning on SET of nonexisting setting with a prefix reserved by an extension.
  An extension can already de facto reserve a GUC prefix using
  EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders().  But this was only checked against settings that
  exist at the time the extension is loaded (or the extension chooses to call
  this).  No diagnostic is given when a SET command later uses a nonexisting
  setting with a custom prefix.  With this change, EmitWarningsOnPlaceholders()
  saves the prefixes it reserves in a list, and SET checks when it finds a
  "placeholder" setting whether it belongs to a reserved prefix and issues a
  warning in that case.  Add a regression test that checks the patch using the
  "plpgsql" registered prefix.  Author: Florin Irion
  <florin(dot)irion(at)enterprisedb(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA+HEvJDhWuuTpGTJT9Tgbdzm4QS4EzPAwDBScWK18H2Q=FVJFw(at)mail(dot)gmail(dot)com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA+HEvJDhWuuTpGTJT9Tgbdzm4QS4EzPAwDBScWK18H2Q=FVJFw(at)mail(dot)gmail(dot)com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/75d22069e00d638d08c04e3aba71688f3fb002ed](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/75d22069e00d638d08c04e3aba71688f3fb002ed)
 
- Improve some comments in scanner files. Reviewed-by: John Naylor
  <john(dot)naylor(at)enterprisedb(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/b239564c-cad0-b23e-c57e-166d883cb97d(at)enterprisedb(dot)com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/b239564c-cad0-b23e-c57e-166d883cb97d(at)enterprisedb(dot)com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fb7f70112fd80f13a8f124f51c4992fe290d3836](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fb7f70112fd80f13a8f124f51c4992fe290d3836)
 
- Remove unused includes. These haven't been needed for a long time.
  Reviewed-by: John Naylor <john(dot)naylor(at)enterprisedb(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/b239564c-cad0-b23e-c57e-166d883cb97d(at)enterprisedb(dot)com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/b239564c-cad0-b23e-c57e-166d883cb97d(at)enterprisedb(dot)com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/89d1c15d64602b0c27ed87c717f586ddf6cf310d](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/89d1c15d64602b0c27ed87c717f586ddf6cf310d)
 
- pg_dump: Add missing relkind case. Checking for RELKIND_MATVIEW was forgotten
  in guessConstraintInheritance().  This isn't a live problem, since it is
  checked in flagInhTables() which relkinds can have parents, and those entries
  will have numParents==0 after that.  But after discussion it was felt that
  this place should be kept consistent with flagInhTables() and flagInhAttrs().
  Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael(at)paquier(dot)xyz> Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a574c8f1-9c84-93ad-a9e5-65233d6fc00f(at)enterprisedb(dot)com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a574c8f1-9c84-93ad-a9e5-65233d6fc00f(at)enterprisedb(dot)com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a22d6a2cb62c4fc6d7c4b077d8014fd4ffaec426](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a22d6a2cb62c4fc6d7c4b077d8014fd4ffaec426)
 
- Some RELKIND macro refactoring. Add more macros to group some RELKIND_*
  macros:  - RELKIND_HAS_PARTITIONS() - RELKIND_HAS_TABLESPACE() -
  RELKIND_HAS_TABLE_AM()  Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael(at)paquier(dot)xyz>
  Reviewed-by: Alvaro Herrera <alvherre(at)alvh(dot)no-ip(dot)org> Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a574c8f1-9c84-93ad-a9e5-65233d6fc00f%40enterprisedb.com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a574c8f1-9c84-93ad-a9e5-65233d6fc00f%40enterprisedb.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/37b2764593c073ca61c2baebd7d85666e553928b](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/37b2764593c073ca61c2baebd7d85666e553928b)
 
- Fix inappropriate uses of PG_GETARG_UINT32(). The chr() function used
  PG_GETARG_UINT32() even though the argument is declared as (signed) integer.
  As a result, you can pass negative arguments to this function and it
  internally interprets them as positive.  Ultimately ends up being harmless,
  but it seems wrong, so fix this and rearrange the internal error checking a
  bit to accommodate this.  Another case was in the documentation, where example
  code used PG_GETARG_UINT32() with an argument declared as signed integer.
  Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <bossartn(at)amazon(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/7e43869b-d412-8f81-30a3-809783edc9a3%40enterprisedb.com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/7e43869b-d412-8f81-30a3-809783edc9a3%40enterprisedb.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e9e63b7022ddd0aaaae7cd439daa234cf9e6a21c](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e9e63b7022ddd0aaaae7cd439daa234cf9e6a21c)
 
- Update snowball. Update to snowball tag v2.2.0.  Minor changes only.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bba962f0c052bfab79df79ac5629eac5eab5b842](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bba962f0c052bfab79df79ac5629eac5eab5b842)
 
- pgcrypto: Remove explicit hex encoding/decoding from tests. This was from
  before the hex format was available in bytea.  Now we can remove the extra
  explicit encoding/decoding calls and rely on the default output format.
  Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/17dcb4f7-7ac1-e2b6-d5f7-2dfba06cd9ee%40enterprisedb.com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/17dcb4f7-7ac1-e2b6-d5f7-2dfba06cd9ee%40enterprisedb.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/814e1d9ff7a853b16a544a244bfa92e8388be248](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/814e1d9ff7a853b16a544a244bfa92e8388be248)
 
- pgrowlocks: Fix incorrect format placeholders. Transaction IDs should be
  printed as unsigned, similar to xidout().
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/254c63e9eda0b006fb61b9dc23970a6381efd061](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/254c63e9eda0b006fb61b9dc23970a6381efd061)
 
- Allow specifying column list for foreign key ON DELETE SET actions. Extend the
  foreign key ON DELETE actions SET NULL and SET DEFAULT by allowing the
  specification of a column list, like      CREATE TABLE posts (         ...
  FOREIGN KEY (tenant_id, author_id) REFERENCES users ON DELETE SET NULL
  (author_id)     );  If a column list is specified, only those columns are set
  to null/default, instead of all the columns in the foreign-key constraint.
  This is useful for multitenant or sharded schemas, where the tenant or shard
  ID is included in the primary key of all tables but shouldn't be set to null.
  Author: Paul Martinez <paulmtz(at)google(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CACqFVBZQyMYJV=njbSMxf+rbDHpx=W=B7AEaMKn8dWn9OZJY7w(at)mail(dot)gmail(dot)com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CACqFVBZQyMYJV=njbSMxf+rbDHpx=W=B7AEaMKn8dWn9OZJY7w(at)mail(dot)gmail(dot)com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/d6f96ed94e73052f99a2e545ed17a8b2fdc1fb8a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/d6f96ed94e73052f99a2e545ed17a8b2fdc1fb8a)
 
- pg_checksums: Fix data type. Segment numbers should be int, not BlockNumber
  (see also buffile.c). Likely no harm, but better for consistency.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bf9a55c10729988a3c7ffbe14108e29d90283939](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/bf9a55c10729988a3c7ffbe14108e29d90283939)
 
- Simplify the general-purpose 64-bit integer parsing APIs. pg_strtouint64() is
  a wrapper around strtoull/strtoul/_strtoui64, but it seems no longer necessary
  to have this indirection. msvc/Solution.pm claims HAVE_STRTOULL, so the "MSVC
  only" part seems unnecessary.  Also, we have code in c.h to substitute
  alternatives for strtoull() if not found, and that would appear to cover all
  currently supported platforms, so having a further fallback in
  pg_strtouint64() seems unnecessary.  Therefore, we could remove
  pg_strtouint64(), and use strtoull() directly in all call sites.  However, it
  seems useful to keep a separate notation for parsing exactly 64-bit integers,
  matching the type definition int64/uint64.  For that, add new macros
  strtoi64() and strtou64() in c.h as thin wrappers around strtol()/strtoul() or
  strtoll()/stroull().  This makes these functions available everywhere instead
  of just in the server code, and it makes the function naming notably different
  from the pg_strtointNN() functions in numutils.c, which have a different API.
  Discussion:
  [https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a3df47c9-b1b4-29f2-7e91-427baf8b75a3%40enterprisedb.com](https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/a3df47c9-b1b4-29f2-7e91-427baf8b75a3%40enterprisedb.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3c6f8c011f85df7b35c32f4ccaac5c86c9064a4a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3c6f8c011f85df7b35c32f4ccaac5c86c9064a4a)
 
Robert Haas pushed:
- Document that tar archives are now properly terminated. Commit
  5a1007a5088cd6ddf892f7422ea8dbaef362372f changed the server behavior, but I
  didn't notice that the existing behavior was documented, and therefore did not
  update the documentation. This commit does that.  I chose to mention that the
  behavior has changed rather than just removing the reference to a deviation
  from a standard. It seemed like that might be helpful to tool authors.
  Discussion:
  [http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoaYZbz0=Yk797aOJwkGJC-LK3iXn+wzzMx7KdwNpZhS5g@mail.gmail.com](http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoaYZbz0=Yk797aOJwkGJC-LK3iXn+wzzMx7KdwNpZhS5g@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/81fca310b38e7808dff9c01a26564e8f2db10893](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/81fca310b38e7808dff9c01a26564e8f2db10893)
 
- Default to log_checkpoints=on, log_autovacuum_min_duration=10m. The idea here
  is that when a performance problem is known to have occurred at a certain
  point in time, it's a good thing if there is some information available from
  the logs to help figure out what might have happened around that time.  This
  change attracted an above-average amount of dissent, because it means that a
  server with default settings will produce some amount of log output even if
  nothing has gone wrong. However, by my count, the mailing list discussion had
  about twice as many people in favor of the change as opposed. The reasons for
  believing that the extra log output is not an issue in practice are: (1) the
  rate at which messages can be generated by this setting is bounded to one
  every few minutes on a properly-configured system and (2) production systems
  tend to have a lot more junk in the log from that due to failed connection
  attempts, ERROR messages generated by application activity, and the like.
  Bharath Rupireddy, reviewed by Fujii Masao and by me. Many other people
  commented on the thread, but as far as I can see that was discussion of the
  merits of the change rather than review of the patch.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACX-rW_OeDcp4gqrFUAkf1f50Fnh138dmkd0JkvCNQRKGA@mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACX-rW_OeDcp4gqrFUAkf1f50Fnh138dmkd0JkvCNQRKGA@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/64da07c41a8c0a680460cdafc79093736332b6cf](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/64da07c41a8c0a680460cdafc79093736332b6cf)
 
- Remove InitXLOGAccess(). It's not great that RecoveryInProgress() calls
  InitXLOGAccess(), because a status inquiry function typically shouldn't have
  the side effect of performing initializations. We could fix that by calling
  InitXLOGAccess() from some other place, but instead, let's remove it
  altogether.  One thing InitXLogAccess() did is initialize wal_segment_size,
  but it doesn't need to do that. In the postmaster, PostmasterMain() calls
  LocalProcessControlFile(), and all child processes will inherit that value --
  except in EXEC_BACKEND bulds, but then each backend runs SubPostmasterMain()
  which also calls LocalProcessControlFile().  The other thing InitXLOGAccess()
  did is update RedoRecPtr and doPageWrites, but that's not critical, because
  all code that uses them will just retry if it turns out that they've changed.
  The only difference is that most code will now see an initial value that is
  definitely invalid instead of one that might have just been way out of date,
  but that will only happen once per backend lifetime, so it shouldn't be a big
  deal.  Patch by me, reviewed by Nathan Bossart, Michael Paquier, Andres
  Freund, Heikki Linnakangas, and Álvaro Herrera.  Discussion:
  [http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoY7b65qRjzHN_tWUk8B4sJqk1vj1d31uepVzmgPnZKeLg@mail.gmail.com](http://postgr.es/m/CA+TgmoY7b65qRjzHN_tWUk8B4sJqk1vj1d31uepVzmgPnZKeLg@mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fa0e03c15a9f67671f0a6e0ec66d5e2ac7119c8a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/fa0e03c15a9f67671f0a6e0ec66d5e2ac7119c8a)
 
Fujii Masao pushed:
- postgres_fdw: Fix unexpected reporting of empty message. pgfdw_report_error()
  in postgres_fdw gets a message from PGresult or PGconn to report an error
  received from a remote server. Previously if it could get a message from
  neither of them, it reported empty message unexpectedly. The cause of this
  issue was that pgfdw_report_error() didn't handle properly the case where no
  message could be obtained and its local variable message_primary was set to
  '\0'.  This commit improves pgfdw_report_error() so that it reports the
  message "could not obtain ..." when it gets no message and message_primary is
  set to '\0'. This is the same behavior as when message_primary is NULL.
  dblink_res_error() in dblink has the same issue, so this commit also improves
  it in the same way.  Back-patch to all supported branches.  Author: Fujii
  Masao Reviewed-by: Bharath Rupireddy Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/477c16c8-7ea4-20fc-38d5-ed3a77ed616c@oss.nttdata.com](https://postgr.es/m/477c16c8-7ea4-20fc-38d5-ed3a77ed616c@oss.nttdata.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/557c39bba925d553c6bb12b5e80d1964d355583b](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/557c39bba925d553c6bb12b5e80d1964d355583b)
 
- postgres_fdw: Report warning when timeout expires while getting query result.
  When aborting remote transaction or sending cancel request to a remote server,
  postgres_fdw calls pgfdw_get_cleanup_result() to wait for the result of
  transaction abort query or cancel request to arrive. It fails to get the
  result if the timeout expires or a connection trouble happens.  Previously
  postgres_fdw reported no warning message even when the timeout expired or a
  connection trouble happened in pgfdw_get_cleanup_result(). This could make the
  troubleshooting harder when such an event occurred.  This commit makes
  pgfdw_get_cleanup_result() tell its caller what trouble (timeout or connection
  error) occurred, on failure, and also makes its caller report the proper
  warning message based on that information.  Author: Fujii Masao Reviewed-by:
  Bharath Rupireddy Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/15aa988c-722e-ad3e-c936-4420c5b2bfea@oss.nttdata.com](https://postgr.es/m/15aa988c-722e-ad3e-c936-4420c5b2bfea@oss.nttdata.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/815d61fcd485e8c60dba22988bf5a90fc12df32d](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/815d61fcd485e8c60dba22988bf5a90fc12df32d)
 
- doc: Add note about postgres_fdw.application_name.
  postgres_fdw.application_name can be any string of any length and contain even
  non-ASCII characters.  However when it's passed to and used as
  application_name in a foreign server, it's truncated to less than NAMEDATALEN
  characters and any characters other than printable ASCII ones in it will be
  replaced with question marks. This commit adds these notes into the docs.
  Author: Hayato Kuroda Reviewed-by: Kyotaro Horiguchi, Fujii Masao Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/TYCPR01MB5870D1E8B949DAF6D3B84E02F5F29@TYCPR01MB5870.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com](https://postgr.es/m/TYCPR01MB5870D1E8B949DAF6D3B84E02F5F29@TYCPR01MB5870.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/58e2e6eb67fec14c793c74207407e172d7e0291d](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/58e2e6eb67fec14c793c74207407e172d7e0291d)
 
Andrew Dunstan pushed:
- Silence perl complaint in ssl test. Perl's hex() function complains if its
  argument contains trailing white space (or in fact anything other than hex
  digits), so remove the offending text.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/d4596a20d046e800644d6027613c6a2cb5a6c35e](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/d4596a20d046e800644d6027613c6a2cb5a6c35e)
 
- Enable settings used in TAP tests for MSVC builds. Certain settings from
  configuration or the Makefile infrastructure are used by the TAP tests, but
  were not being set up by vcregress.pl. This remedies those omissions. This
  should increase test coverage, especially on the buildfarm.  Reviewed by Noah
  Misch  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/17093da5-e40d-8335-d53a-2bd803fc38b0@dunslane.net](https://postgr.es/m/17093da5-e40d-8335-d53a-2bd803fc38b0@dunslane.net)
  Backpatch to all live branches.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/edc2332550b2343bc9378540e11c8aa71f513a63](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/edc2332550b2343bc9378540e11c8aa71f513a63)
 
- Check that we have a working tar before trying to use it. Issue exposed by
  commit edc2332550 and the buildfarm.  Backpatch to release 14 where this usage
  started.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f920f7e799c587228227ec94356c760e3f3d5f2b](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/f920f7e799c587228227ec94356c760e3f3d5f2b)
 
- Revert "Check that we have a working tar before trying to use it". This
  reverts commit f920f7e799c587228227ec94356c760e3f3d5f2b.  The patch in effect
  fixed a problem we didn't have and caused another instead.  Backpatch to
  release 14 like original  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/3655283.1638977975@sss.pgh.pa.us](https://postgr.es/m/3655283.1638977975@sss.pgh.pa.us)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/745b99c6444f00befae77dc69c7a63529d751daf](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/745b99c6444f00befae77dc69c7a63529d751daf)
 
Thomas Munro pushed:
- Check for STATUS_DELETE_PENDING on Windows. 1.  Update our open() wrapper to
  check for NT's STATUS_DELETE_PENDING and translate it to Unix-like errors.
  This is done with RtlGetLastNtStatus(), which is dynamically loaded from
  ntdll.  A new file win32ntdll.c centralizes lookup of NT functions, in case we
  decide to add more in the future.  2.  Remove non-working code that was trying
  to do something similar for stat(), and just reuse the open() wrapper code.
  As a side effect, stat() also gains resilience against "sharing violation"
  errors.  3.  Since stat() is used very early in process startup, remove the
  requirement that the Win32 signal event has been created before
  pgwin32_open_handle() is reached.  Instead, teach pg_usleep() to fall back to
  a non-interruptible sleep if reached before the signal event is available.
  This could be back-patched, but for now it's in master only.  The problem has
  apparently been with us for a long time and generated only a few complaints.
  Proposed patches trigger it more often, which led to this investigation and
  fix.  Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres(at)anarazel(dot)de> Reviewed-by: Alexander
  Lakhin <exclusion(at)gmail(dot)com> Reviewed-by: Juan José Santamaría Flecha
  <juanjo(dot)santamaria(at)gmail(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGJz_pZTF9mckn6XgSv69%2BjGwdgLkxZ6b3NWGLBCVjqUZA%40mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGJz_pZTF9mckn6XgSv69%2BjGwdgLkxZ6b3NWGLBCVjqUZA%40mail.gmail.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e2f0f8ed251d02c1eda79e1ca3cb3db2681e7a86](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/e2f0f8ed251d02c1eda79e1ca3cb3db2681e7a86)
 
- Change ProcSendSignal() to take pgprocno. Instead of referring to target
  backends by pid, use pgprocno.  This means that we don't have to scan the
  ProcArray and we can drop some special case code for dealing with the startup
  process.  Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGLYRyDaneEwz5Uya_OgFLMx5BgJfkQSD%3Dq9HmwsfRRb-w%40mail.gmail.com](https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGLYRyDaneEwz5Uya_OgFLMx5BgJfkQSD%3Dq9HmwsfRRb-w%40mail.gmail.com)
  Reviewed-by: Soumyadeep Chakraborty <soumyadeep2007(at)gmail(dot)com> Reviewed-by:
  Ashwin Agrawal <ashwinstar(at)gmail(dot)com> Reviewed-by: Andres Freund
  <andres(at)anarazel(dot)de>
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a13db0e16404ae532fe037071c7fe2576a1f8890](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/a13db0e16404ae532fe037071c7fe2576a1f8890)
 
Alexander Korotkov pushed:
- Fix alignment in multirange_get_range() function. The multirange_get_range()
  function fails when two boundaries of the same range have different
  alignments.  Fix that by adding proper pointer alignment.  Reported-by:
  Alexander Lakhin Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/17300-dced2d01ddeb1f2f%40postgresql.org](https://postgr.es/m/17300-dced2d01ddeb1f2f%40postgresql.org)
  Backpatch-through: 14
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5cc9c8374093ba0e427b3309e10077708c156b6a](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/5cc9c8374093ba0e427b3309e10077708c156b6a)
 
Andres Freund pushed:
- Make PG_TEST_USE_UNIX_SOCKETS work for tap tests on windows. We need to
  replace windows-style \ path separators with / when putting socket directories
  either in postgresql.conf or libpq connection strings, otherwise they are
  interpreted as escapes.  Author: Andres Freund <andres(at)anarazel(dot)de>
  Reviewed-By: Peter Eisentraut <peter(dot)eisentraut(at)enterprisedb(dot)com> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/4da250a5-4222-1522-f14d-8a72bcf7e38e@enterprisedb.com](https://postgr.es/m/4da250a5-4222-1522-f14d-8a72bcf7e38e@enterprisedb.com)
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/45f52709d86ceaaf282a440f6311c51fc526340b](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/45f52709d86ceaaf282a440f6311c51fc526340b)
 
- isolationtester: append session name to application_name. When writing /
  debugging an isolation test it sometimes is useful to see which session holds
  what lock etc. To make it easier, both as part of spec files and
  interactively, append the session name to application_name. Since b1907d688
  application_name already contains the test name, this appends the session's
  name to that.  insert-conflict-specconflict did something like this manually,
  which can now be removed.  As we have done lately with other test
  infrastructure improvements, backpatch this change, to make it easier to
  backpatch tests.  Author: Andres Freund <andres(at)anarazel(dot)de> Reviewed-By:
  Michael Paquier <michael(at)paquier(dot)xyz> Reviewed-By: Andrew Dunstan
  <andrew(at)dunslane(dot)net> Discussion:
  [https://postgr.es/m/20211211012052.2blmzcmxnxqawd2z@alap3.anarazel.de](https://postgr.es/m/20211211012052.2blmzcmxnxqawd2z@alap3.anarazel.de)
  Backpatch: 10-, to make backpatching of tests easier.
  [https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3f323956128ff8589ce4d3a14e8b950837831803](https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/3f323956128ff8589ce4d3a14e8b950837831803)
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