Function scan/Index scan to nested loop

Hello all,

A query ran twice in succession performs VERY poorly the first time as it
iterates through the nested loop. The second time, it rips. Please see SQL,
SLOW PLAN and FAST PLAN below.

I don't know why these nested loops are taking so long to execute.
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42866.98 rows=77 width=18) (actual
time=126.354..26301.027 rows=9613 loops=1)"
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42150.37 rows=122 width=18) (actual
time=117.369..15349.533 rows=13247 loops=1)"

The loop members appear to be finished quickly. I suspect that the results
for the function aren't really as fast as reported, and are actually taking
much longer to comeplete returning results.
" -> Function Scan on zips_in_mile_range (cost=0.00..52.50
rows=67 width=40) (actual time=104.196..104.417 rows=155 loops=1)"
" Filter: (zip > ''::text)"

Is this possible? I can't see what other delay there could be.

The second time the query runs, the loops are fast:
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42866.98 rows=77 width=18) (actual
time=97.073..266.826 rows=9613 loops=1)"
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42150.37 rows=122 width=18) (actual
time=97.058..150.172 rows=13247 loops=1)"

Since it is fast the second time, I wonder if this is related at all to the
function being IMMUTABLE? (Even though it's IMMUTABLE it reads a very static
table)

This DB is a copy of another DB, on the same server host, same drive but
different tablespace. The original query has good performance, and is hit
often by the live web server. With the copy - which performs poorly - the
query is hit infrequently.

Is there any evidence for why the nested loop is slow?

Code and plans follow - regards and thanks!

Carlo

SQL:
select
pp.provider_practice_id,
p.provider_id,
distance,
pp.is_principal,
p.provider_id as sort_order
from mdx_core.provider as p
join mdx_core.provider_practice as pp
on pp.provider_id = p.provider_id
join (select * from mdx_core.zips_in_mile_range('75203', 15::numeric)
where zip > '') as nearby
on nearby.zip = substr(pp.default_postal_code, 1, 5)
where
pp.default_country_code = 'US'
and p.provider_status_code = 'A' and p.is_visible = 'Y'
and pp.is_principal = 'Y'
and coalesce(pp.record_status, 'A') = 'A'
order by sort_order, distance

SLOW PLAN:
"Sort (cost=42869.40..42869.59 rows=77 width=18) (actual
time=26316.495..26322.102 rows=9613 loops=1)"
" Sort Key: p.provider_id, zips_in_mile_range.distance"
" Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 1136kB"
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42866.98 rows=77 width=18) (actual
time=126.354..26301.027 rows=9613 loops=1)"
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42150.37 rows=122 width=18) (actual
time=117.369..15349.533 rows=13247 loops=1)"
" -> Function Scan on zips_in_mile_range (cost=0.00..52.50
rows=67 width=40) (actual time=104.196..104.417 rows=155 loops=1)"
" Filter: (zip > ''::text)"
" -> Index Scan using
provider_practice_default_base_zip_country_idx on provider_practice pp
(cost=0.00..628.30 rows=2 width=19) (actual time=1.205..98.231 rows=85
loops=155)"
" Index Cond: ((pp.default_country_code = 'US'::bpchar)
AND (substr((pp.default_postal_code)::text, 1, 5) = zips_in_mile_range.zip)
AND (pp.is_principal = 'Y'::bpchar))"
" Filter: (COALESCE(pp.record_status, 'A'::bpchar) =
'A'::bpchar)"
" -> Index Scan using provider_provider_id_provider_status_code_idx
on provider p (cost=0.00..5.86 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.823..0.824
rows=1 loops=13247)"
" Index Cond: ((p.provider_id = pp.provider_id) AND
(p.provider_status_code = 'A'::bpchar))"
" Filter: (p.is_visible = 'Y'::bpchar)"
"Total runtime: 26327.329 ms"

FAST PLAN:
"Sort (cost=42869.40..42869.59 rows=77 width=18) (actual
time=278.722..284.326 rows=9613 loops=1)"
" Sort Key: p.provider_id, zips_in_mile_range.distance"
" Sort Method: quicksort Memory: 1136kB"
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42866.98 rows=77 width=18) (actual
time=97.073..266.826 rows=9613 loops=1)"
" -> Nested Loop (cost=0.00..42150.37 rows=122 width=18) (actual
time=97.058..150.172 rows=13247 loops=1)"
" -> Function Scan on zips_in_mile_range (cost=0.00..52.50
rows=67 width=40) (actual time=97.013..97.161 rows=155 loops=1)"
" Filter: (zip > ''::text)"
" -> Index Scan using
provider_practice_default_base_zip_country_idx on provider_practice pp
(cost=0.00..628.30 rows=2 width=19) (actual time=0.017..0.236 rows=85
loops=155)"
" Index Cond: ((pp.default_country_code = 'US'::bpchar)
AND (substr((pp.default_postal_code)::text, 1, 5) = zips_in_mile_range.zip)
AND (pp.is_principal = 'Y'::bpchar))"
" Filter: (COALESCE(pp.record_status, 'A'::bpchar) =
'A'::bpchar)"
" -> Index Scan using provider_provider_id_provider_status_code_idx
on provider p (cost=0.00..5.86 rows=1 width=4) (actual time=0.006..0.007
rows=1 loops=13247)"
" Index Cond: ((p.provider_id = pp.provider_id) AND
(p.provider_status_code = 'A'::bpchar))"
" Filter: (p.is_visible = 'Y'::bpchar)"
"Total runtime: 289.582 ms"