pgsql: Fix errorhandling for PGP encryption

Fix errorhandling for PGP encryption

PGP encryption was using px_cipher_encrypt without checking if any
error was returned. When OpenSSL is running in FIPS mode, or when
the legacy provider hasn't been loaded, not all ciphers which are
supported by the PGP code are available and fail the init step in
px_cipher_encrypt. Since the PGP encryption failed to notice this
it XORed the non-encrypted block with the plaintext, effectively
disabling the encryption.

This was found due to a report of PGP encryption not respecting
the pgcrypto.builtin_crypto_enabled flag and allowing Blowfish
and DES. This however turned out to be a false positive, since
the PGP code only use ciphers from OpenSSL and not the built in
ciphers.

Bug: #19457
Reported-by: Shishir Sharma <ansh01072001(at)gmail(dot)com>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob(dot)champion(at)enterprisedb(dot)com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/19457-4bab15c17aea36c7@postgresql.org
Security: CVE-2026-14663
Backpatch-through: 14

Branch
------
REL_17_STABLE

Details
-------
https://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/b05cfc69375e33277307a99bf1d77462ab929c8a
Author: Daniel Gustafsson <dgustafsson(at)postgresql(dot)org>

Modified Files
--------------
contrib/pgcrypto/expected/pgp-decrypt_1.out | 2 +-
contrib/pgcrypto/expected/pgp-encrypt_1.out | 192 +++++++++++++++++++++
contrib/pgcrypto/expected/pgp-pubkey-decrypt_1.out | 2 +-
contrib/pgcrypto/pgp-cfb.c | 8 +-
4 files changed, 201 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)