pgsql: Teach SP-GiST to do index-only scans.

Teach SP-GiST to do index-only scans.

Operator classes can specify whether or not they support this; this
preserves the flexibility to use lossy representations within an index.

In passing, move constant data about a given index into the rd_amcache
cache area, instead of doing fresh lookups each time we start an index
operation. This is mainly to try to make sure that spgcanreturn() has
insignificant cost; I still don't have any proof that it matters for
actual index accesses. Also, get rid of useless copying of FmgrInfo
pointers; we can perfectly well use the relcache's versions in-place.

Branch
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master

Details
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http://git.postgresql.org/pg/commitdiff/92203624934095163f8b57b5b3d7bbd2645da2c8

Modified Files
--------------
doc/src/sgml/spgist.sgml | 15 +++
src/backend/access/spgist/spgdoinsert.c | 9 +-
src/backend/access/spgist/spgkdtreeproc.c | 1 +
src/backend/access/spgist/spgquadtreeproc.c | 4 +
src/backend/access/spgist/spgscan.c | 97 +++++++++++++---
src/backend/access/spgist/spgtextproc.c | 13 ++-
src/backend/access/spgist/spgutils.c | 170 +++++++++++++--------------
src/include/access/spgist.h | 4 +
src/include/access/spgist_private.h | 31 ++++--
src/test/regress/expected/create_index.out | 118 +++++++++---------
10 files changed, 288 insertions(+), 174 deletions(-)