using explicit_bzero

In a recent thread[0], the existence of explicit_bzero() was mentioned.
I went to look where we could use that to clear sensitive information
from memory and found a few candidates:

- In be-secure-common.c, clear the entered SSL passphrase in the error
path. (In the non-error path, the buffer belongs to OpenSSL.)

- In libpq, clean up after reading .pgpass. Otherwise, the entire file
including all passwords potentially remains in memory.

- In libpq, clear the password after a connection is closed
(freePGconn/part of PQfinish).

- pg_hba.conf could potentially contain passwords for LDAP, so that
should maybe also be cleared, but the structure of that code would make
that more involved, so I skipped that for now. Efforts are probably
better directed at providing facilities to avoid having to do that.[1]

Any other ones?

A patch that implements the first three is attached.

[0]:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/043403c2-f04d-3a69-aa8a-9bb7b9ce8e5b@iki.fi
[1]:
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/CA%2BhUKGJ44ssWhcKP1KYK2Dm9_XXk1_b629_qSDUhH1fWfuAvXg%40mail.gmail.com

--
Peter Eisentraut http://www.2ndQuadrant.com/
PostgreSQL Development, 24x7 Support, Remote DBA, Training & Services