Re: doc review for v14

Another round of doc fixen.

wdiff to follow

commit 389c4ac2febe21fd48480a86819d94fd2eb9c1cc
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Wed Feb 10 17:19:51 2021 -0600

doc review for pg_stat_progress_create_index

ab0dfc961b6a821f23d9c40c723d11380ce195a6

should backpatch to v13

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index c602ee4427..16eb1d9e9c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -5725,7 +5725,7 @@ SELECT pg_stat_get_backend_pid(s.backendid) AS pid,
</para>
<para>
When creating an index on a partitioned table, this column is set to
the number of partitions on which the index has been [-completed.-]{+created.+}
</para></entry>
</row>
</tbody>

commit bff6f0b557ff79365fc21d0ae261bad0fcb96539
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Feb 6 15:17:51 2021 -0600

*an old and "deleted [has] happened"

Heikki missed this in 6b387179baab8d0e5da6570678eefbe61f3acc79

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
index 3763b4b995..a51f2c9920 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/protocol.sgml
@@ -6928,8 +6928,8 @@ Delete
</term>
<listitem>
<para>
Identifies the following TupleData message as [-a-]{+an+} old tuple.
This field is present if the table in which the delete[-has-]
happened has REPLICA IDENTITY set to FULL.
</para>
</listitem>

commit 9bd601fa82ceeaf09573ce31eb3c081b4ae7a45d
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Jan 23 21:03:37 2021 -0600

doc review for logical decoding of prepared xacts

0aa8a01d04c8fe200b7a106878eebc3d0af9105c

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml
index b854f2ccfc..71e9f36b8e 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml
@@ -791,9 +791,9 @@ typedef void (*LogicalDecodeMessageCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
<para>
The optional <function>filter_prepare_cb</function> callback
is called to determine whether data that is part of the current
two-phase commit transaction should be considered for [-decode-]{+decoding+}
at this prepare stage or {+later+} as a regular one-phase transaction at
<command>COMMIT PREPARED</command> [-time later.-]{+time.+} To signal that
decoding should be skipped, return <literal>true</literal>;
<literal>false</literal> otherwise. When the callback is not
defined, <literal>false</literal> is assumed (i.e. nothing is
@@ -820,11 +820,11 @@ typedef bool (*LogicalDecodeFilterPrepareCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx
The required <function>begin_prepare_cb</function> callback is called
whenever the start of a prepared transaction has been decoded. The
<parameter>gid</parameter> field, which is part of the
<parameter>txn</parameter> [-parameter-]{+parameter,+} can be used in this callback to
check if the plugin has already received this [-prepare-]{+PREPARE+} in which case it
can skip the remaining changes of the transaction. This can only happen
if the user restarts the decoding after receiving the [-prepare-]{+PREPARE+} for a
transaction but before receiving the [-commit prepared-]{+COMMIT PREPARED,+} say because of some
error.
<programlisting>
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeBeginPrepareCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
@@ -842,7 +842,7 @@ typedef bool (*LogicalDecodeFilterPrepareCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx
decoded. The <function>change_cb</function> callback for all modified
rows will have been called before this, if there have been any modified
rows. The <parameter>gid</parameter> field, which is part of the
<parameter>txn</parameter> [-parameter-]{+parameter,+} can be used in this callback.
<programlisting>
typedef void (*LogicalDecodePrepareCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
@@ -856,9 +856,9 @@ typedef bool (*LogicalDecodeFilterPrepareCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx

<para>
The required <function>commit_prepared_cb</function> callback is called
whenever a transaction [-commit prepared-]{+COMMIT PREPARED+} has been decoded. The
<parameter>gid</parameter> field, which is part of the
<parameter>txn</parameter> [-parameter-]{+parameter,+} can be used in this callback.
<programlisting>
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeCommitPreparedCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
@@ -872,15 +872,15 @@ typedef bool (*LogicalDecodeFilterPrepareCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx

<para>
The required <function>rollback_prepared_cb</function> callback is called
whenever a transaction [-rollback prepared-]{+ROLLBACK PREPARED+} has been decoded. The
<parameter>gid</parameter> field, which is part of the
<parameter>txn</parameter> [-parameter-]{+parameter,+} can be used in this callback. The
parameters <parameter>prepare_end_lsn</parameter> and
<parameter>prepare_time</parameter> can be used to check if the plugin
has received this [-prepare transaction-]{+PREPARE TRANSACTION+} in which case it can apply the
rollback, otherwise, it can skip the rollback operation. The
<parameter>gid</parameter> alone is not sufficient because the downstream
node can have {+a+} prepared transaction with same identifier.
<programlisting>
typedef void (*LogicalDecodeRollbackPreparedCB) (struct LogicalDecodingContext *ctx,
ReorderBufferTXN *txn,
@@ -1122,7 +1122,7 @@ OutputPluginWrite(ctx, true);
the <function>stream_commit_cb</function> callback
(or possibly aborted using the <function>stream_abort_cb</function> callback).
If two-phase commits are supported, the transaction can be prepared using the
<function>stream_prepare_cb</function> callback, [-commit prepared-]{+COMMIT PREPARED+} using the
<function>commit_prepared_cb</function> callback or aborted using the
<function>rollback_prepared_cb</function>.
</para>

commit 7ddf562c7b384b4a802111ac1b0eab3698982c8e
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Jan 23 21:02:47 2021 -0600

doc review for multiranges

6df7a9698bb036610c1e8c6d375e1be38cb26d5f

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
index 6e3d82b85b..ec95b4eb01 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/extend.sgml
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@
of <type>anycompatible</type> and <type>anycompatiblenonarray</type>
inputs, the array element types of <type>anycompatiblearray</type>
inputs, the range subtypes of <type>anycompatiblerange</type> inputs,
and the multirange subtypes of [-<type>anycompatiablemultirange</type>-]{+<type>anycompatiblemultirange</type>+}
inputs. If <type>anycompatiblenonarray</type> is present then the
common type is required to be a non-array type. Once a common type is
identified, arguments in <type>anycompatible</type>

commit 4fa1fd9769c93dbec71fa92097ebfea5f420bb09
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Jan 23 20:33:10 2021 -0600

doc review: logical decode in prepare

a271a1b50e9bec07e2ef3a05e38e7285113e4ce6

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml
index cf705ed9cd..b854f2ccfc 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/logicaldecoding.sgml
@@ -1214,7 +1214,7 @@ stream_commit_cb(...); &lt;-- commit of the streamed transaction
</para>

<para>
When a prepared transaction is [-rollbacked-]{+rolled back+} using the
<command>ROLLBACK PREPARED</command>, then the
<function>rollback_prepared_cb</function> callback is invoked and when the
prepared transaction is committed using <command>COMMIT PREPARED</command>,

commit d27a74968b61354ad1186a4740063dd4ac0b1bea
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Jan 23 17:17:58 2021 -0600

doc review for FDW bulk inserts

b663a4136331de6c7364226e3dbf7c88bfee7145

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml
index 854913ae5f..12e00bfc2f 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/fdwhandler.sgml
@@ -672,9 +672,8 @@ GetForeignModifyBatchSize(ResultRelInfo *rinfo);

Report the maximum number of tuples that a single
<function>ExecForeignBatchInsert</function> call can handle for
the specified foreign table.[-That is,-] The executor passes at most
the {+given+} number of tuples[-that this function returns-] to <function>ExecForeignBatchInsert</function>.
<literal>rinfo</literal> is the <structname>ResultRelInfo</structname> struct describing
the target foreign table.
The FDW is expected to provide a foreign server and/or foreign

commit 2b8fdcc91562045b6b2cec0e69a724e078cfbdb5
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Wed Feb 3 00:51:25 2021 -0600

doc review: piecemeal construction of partitioned indexes

5efd604ec0a3bdde98fe19d8cada69ab4ef80db3

backpatch to v11

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
index 1e9a4625cc..a8cbd45d35 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ddl.sgml
@@ -3962,8 +3962,8 @@ ALTER TABLE measurement ATTACH PARTITION measurement_y2008m02
As explained above, it is possible to create indexes on partitioned tables
so that they are applied automatically to the entire hierarchy.
This is very
convenient, as not only[-will-] the existing partitions [-become-]{+will be+} indexed, but
[-also-]{+so will+} any partitions that are created in the [-future will.-]{+future.+} One limitation is
that it's not possible to use the <literal>CONCURRENTLY</literal>
qualifier when creating such a partitioned index. To avoid long lock
times, it is possible to use <command>CREATE INDEX ON ONLY</command>

commit 2f6d8a4d0157b632ad1e0ff3b0a54c4d38199637
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Jan 30 18:10:21 2021 -0600

duplicate words

commit 9c4f5192f69ed16c99e0d079f0b5faebd7bad212
Allow pg_rewind to use a standby server as the source system.

commit 4a252996d5fda7662b2afdf329a5c95be0fe3b01
Add tests for tuplesort.c.

commit 0a2bc5d61e713e3fe72438f020eea5fcc90b0f0b
Move per-agg and per-trans duplicate finding to the planner.

commit 623a9ba79bbdd11c5eccb30b8bd5c446130e521c
snapshot scalability: cache snapshots using a xact completion counter.

commit 2c03216d831160bedd72d45f712601b6f7d03f1c
Revamp the WAL record format.

diff --git a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogutils.c b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogutils.c
index e723253297..25d6df1659 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/transam/xlogutils.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/transam/xlogutils.c
@@ -433,8 +433,7 @@ XLogReadBufferForRedoExtended(XLogReaderState *record,
* NB: A redo function should normally not call this directly. To get a page
* to modify, use XLogReadBufferForRedoExtended instead. It is important that
* all pages modified by a WAL record are registered in the WAL records, or
* they will be invisible to tools that[-that-] need to know which pages are[-*-] modified.
*/
Buffer
XLogReadBufferExtended(RelFileNode rnode, ForkNumber forknum,
diff --git a/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepagg.c b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepagg.c
index 929a8ea13b..89046f9afb 100644
--- a/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepagg.c
+++ b/src/backend/optimizer/prep/prepagg.c
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ static Datum GetAggInitVal(Datum textInitVal, Oid transtype);
*
* Information about the aggregates and transition functions are collected
* in the root->agginfos and root->aggtransinfos lists. The 'aggtranstype',
* 'aggno', and 'aggtransno' fields [-in-]{+of each Aggref+} are filled [-in in each Aggref.-]{+in.+}
*
* NOTE: This modifies the Aggrefs in the input expression in-place!
*
diff --git a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
index cf12eda504..b9fbdcb88f 100644
--- a/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
+++ b/src/backend/storage/ipc/procarray.c
@@ -2049,7 +2049,7 @@ GetSnapshotDataReuse(Snapshot snapshot)
* holding ProcArrayLock) exclusively). Thus the xactCompletionCount check
* ensures we would detect if the snapshot would have changed.
*
* As the snapshot contents are the same as it was before, it is[-is-] safe
* to re-enter the snapshot's xmin into the PGPROC array. None of the rows
* visible under the snapshot could already have been removed (that'd
* require the set of running transactions to change) and it fulfills the
diff --git a/src/bin/pg_rewind/libpq_source.c b/src/bin/pg_rewind/libpq_source.c
index 86d2adcaee..ac794cf4eb 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_rewind/libpq_source.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_rewind/libpq_source.c
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ process_queued_fetch_requests(libpq_source *src)
chunkoff, rq->path, (int64) rq->offset);

/*
* We should not receive[-receive-] more data than we requested, or
* pg_read_binary_file() messed up. We could receive less,
* though, if the file was truncated in the source after we
* checked its size. That's OK, there should be a WAL record of
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/tuplesort.out b/src/test/regress/expected/tuplesort.out
index 3fc1998bf2..418f296a3f 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/tuplesort.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/tuplesort.out
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
-- only use parallelism when explicitly intending to do so
SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 0;
SET max_parallel_workers = 0;
-- A table with[-with-] contents that, when sorted, triggers abbreviated
-- key aborts. One easy way to achieve that is to use uuids that all
-- have the same prefix, as abbreviated keys for uuids just use the
-- first sizeof(Datum) bytes.
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/tuplesort.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/tuplesort.sql
index 7d7e02f02a..846484d561 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/tuplesort.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/tuplesort.sql
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
SET max_parallel_maintenance_workers = 0;
SET max_parallel_workers = 0;

-- A table with[-with-] contents that, when sorted, triggers abbreviated
-- key aborts. One easy way to achieve that is to use uuids that all
-- have the same prefix, as abbreviated keys for uuids just use the
-- first sizeof(Datum) bytes.

commit 4920f9520d7ba1b420bcf03ae48178d74425a622
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sun Jan 17 10:57:21 2021 -0600

doc review for checksum docs

cf621d9d84db1e6edaff8ffa26bad93fdce5f830

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/wal.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/wal.sgml
index 66de1ee2f8..02f576a1a9 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/wal.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/wal.sgml
@@ -237,19 +237,19 @@
</indexterm>

<para>
[-Data-]{+By default, data+} pages are not[-checksum-] protected by [-default,-]{+checksums,+} but this can optionally be
enabled for a cluster. When enabled, each data page will be [-assigned-]{+ASSIGNED+} a
checksum that is updated when the page is written and verified [-every-]{+each+} time
the page is read. Only data pages are protected by [-checksums,-]{+checksums;+} internal data
structures and temporary files are not.
</para>

<para>
Checksums [-are-]{+verification is+} normally [-enabled-]{+ENABLED+} when the cluster is initialized using <link
linkend="app-initdb-data-checksums"><application>initdb</application></link>.
They can also be enabled or disabled at a later time as an offline
operation. Data checksums are enabled or disabled at the full cluster
level, and cannot be specified[-individually-] for {+individual+} databases or tables.
</para>

<para>
@@ -260,9 +260,9 @@
</para>

<para>
When attempting to recover from corrupt [-data-]{+data,+} it may be necessary to bypass
the checksum [-protection in order to recover data.-]{+protection.+} To do this, temporarily set the configuration
parameter <xref linkend="guc-ignore-checksum-failure" />.
</para>

<sect2 id="checksums-offline-enable-disable">

commit fc69321a5ebc55cb1df9648bc28215672cffbf31
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Wed Jan 20 16:10:49 2021 -0600

Doc review for psql \dX

ad600bba0422dde4b73fbd61049ff2a3847b068a

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
index 13c1edfa4d..d0f397d5ea 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
@@ -1930,8 +1930,9 @@ testdb=&gt;
</para>

<para>
The [-column-]{+status+} of [-the-]{+each+} kind of extended [-stats-]{+statistics is shown in a column+}
{+ named after the "kind"+} (e.g. [-Ndistinct) shows its status.-]{+Ndistinct).+}
NULL means that it doesn't [-exists.-]{+exist.+} "defined" means that it was requested
when creating the statistics.
You can use pg_stats_ext if you'd like to know whether <link linkend="sql-analyze">
<command>ANALYZE</command></link> was run and statistics are available to the

commit 78035a725e13e28bbae9e62fe7013bef435d70e3
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Feb 6 15:13:37 2021 -0600

*an exclusive

3c84046490bed3c22e0873dc6ba492e02b8b9051

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_index.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_index.sgml
index 85cf23bca2..b6d2c2014f 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_index.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/drop_index.sgml
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ DROP INDEX [ CONCURRENTLY ] [ IF EXISTS ] <replaceable class="parameter">name</r
<para>
Drop the index without locking out concurrent selects, inserts, updates,
and deletes on the index's table. A normal <command>DROP INDEX</command>
acquires {+an+} exclusive lock on the table, blocking other accesses until the
index drop can be completed. With this option, the command instead
waits until conflicting transactions have completed.
</para>

commit c36ac4c1f85f620ae9ce9cfa7c14b6c95dcdedc5
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Wed Dec 30 09:39:16 2020 -0600

function comment: get_am_name

diff --git a/src/backend/commands/amcmds.c b/src/backend/commands/amcmds.c
index eff9535ed0..188109e474 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/amcmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/amcmds.c
@@ -186,7 +186,7 @@ get_am_oid(const char *amname, bool missing_ok)
}

/*
* get_am_name - given an access method [-OID name and type,-]{+OID,+} look up its name.
*/
char *
get_am_name(Oid amOid)

commit 22e6f0e2d4eaf78e449393bf2bf8b3f8af2b71f8
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Mon Jan 18 14:37:17 2021 -0600

One fewer (not one less)

diff --git a/contrib/pageinspect/heapfuncs.c b/contrib/pageinspect/heapfuncs.c
index 9abcee32af..f6760eb31e 100644
--- a/contrib/pageinspect/heapfuncs.c
+++ b/contrib/pageinspect/heapfuncs.c
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ tuple_data_split_internal(Oid relid, char *tupdata,
attr = TupleDescAttr(tupdesc, i);

/*
* Tuple header can specify [-less-]{+fewer+} attributes than tuple descriptor as
* ALTER TABLE ADD COLUMN without DEFAULT keyword does not actually
* change tuples in pages, so attributes with numbers greater than
* (t_infomask2 & HEAP_NATTS_MASK) should be treated as NULL.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml
index cebc09ef91..1b00e543a6 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/charset.sgml
@@ -619,7 +619,7 @@ SELECT * FROM test1 ORDER BY a || b COLLATE "fr_FR";
name such as <literal>de_DE</literal> can be considered unique
within a given database even though it would not be unique globally.
Use of the stripped collation names is recommended, since it will
make one [-less-]{+fewer+} thing you need to change if you decide to change to
another database encoding. Note however that the <literal>default</literal>,
<literal>C</literal>, and <literal>POSIX</literal> collations can be used regardless of
the database encoding.
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
index 0b24a55505..693423e524 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_type.sgml
@@ -867,7 +867,7 @@ CREATE TYPE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable>
Before <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> version 8.3, the name of
a generated array type was always exactly the element type's name with one
underscore character (<literal>_</literal>) prepended. (Type names were
therefore restricted in length to one [-less-]{+fewer+} character than other names.)
While this is still usually the case, the array type name may vary from
this in case of maximum-length names or collisions with user type names
that begin with underscore. Writing code that depends on this convention
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/rules.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/rules.sgml
index e81addcfa9..aa172d102b 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/rules.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/rules.sgml
@@ -1266,7 +1266,7 @@ CREATE [ OR REPLACE ] RULE <replaceable class="parameter">name</replaceable> AS
<para>
The query trees generated from rule actions are thrown into the
rewrite system again, and maybe more rules get applied resulting
in [-more-]{+additional+} or [-less-]{+fewer+} query trees.
So a rule's actions must have either a different
command type or a different result relation than the rule itself is
on, otherwise this recursive process will end up in an infinite loop.
diff --git a/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c b/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
index 24a27e387d..0b56b0fa5a 100644
--- a/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
+++ b/src/backend/access/common/heaptuple.c
@@ -719,11 +719,11 @@ heap_copytuple_with_tuple(HeapTuple src, HeapTuple dest)
}

/*
* Expand a tuple which has [-less-]{+fewer+} attributes than required. For each attribute
* not present in the sourceTuple, if there is a missing value that will be
* used. Otherwise the attribute will be set to NULL.
*
* The source tuple must have [-less-]{+fewer+} attributes than the required number.
*
* Only one of targetHeapTuple and targetMinimalTuple may be supplied. The
* other argument must be NULL.
diff --git a/src/backend/commands/analyze.c b/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
index 7295cf0215..64908ac39c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/analyze.c
@@ -1003,7 +1003,7 @@ examine_attribute(Relation onerel, int attnum, Node *index_expr)
* As of May 2004 we use a new two-stage method: Stage one selects up
* to targrows random blocks (or all blocks, if there aren't so many).
* Stage two scans these blocks and uses the Vitter algorithm to create
* a random sample of targrows rows (or [-less,-]{+fewer,+} if there are [-less-]{+fewer+} in the
* sample of blocks). The two stages are executed simultaneously: each
* block is processed as soon as stage one returns its number and while
* the rows are read stage two controls which ones are to be inserted
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c
index 4d185c27b4..078aaef539 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/jsonpath_exec.c
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ static int compareDatetime(Datum val1, Oid typid1, Datum val2, Oid typid2,
* implement @? and @@ operators, which in turn are intended to have an
* index support. Thus, it's desirable to make it easier to achieve
* consistency between index scan results and sequential scan results.
* So, we throw as [-less-]{+few+} errors as possible. Regarding this function,
* such behavior also matches behavior of JSON_EXISTS() clause of
* SQL/JSON. Regarding jsonb_path_match(), this function doesn't have
* an analogy in SQL/JSON, so we define its behavior on our own.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/selfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/selfuncs.c
index 47ca4ddbb5..52314d3aa1 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/selfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/selfuncs.c
@@ -645,7 +645,7 @@ scalarineqsel(PlannerInfo *root, Oid operator, bool isgt, bool iseq,

/*
* The calculation so far gave us a selectivity for the "<=" case.
* We'll have one [-less-]{+fewer+} tuple for "<" and one additional tuple for
* ">=", the latter of which we'll reverse the selectivity for
* below, so we can simply subtract one tuple for both cases. The
* cases that need this adjustment can be identified by iseq being
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c b/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c
index fa2b49c676..55c9445898 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/cache/catcache.c
@@ -1497,7 +1497,7 @@ GetCatCacheHashValue(CatCache *cache,
* It doesn't make any sense to specify all of the cache's key columns
* here: since the key is unique, there could be at most one match, so
* you ought to use SearchCatCache() instead. Hence this function takes
* one [-less-]{+fewer+} Datum argument than SearchCatCache() does.
*
* The caller must not modify the list object or the pointed-to tuples,
* and must call ReleaseCatCacheList() when done with the list.
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/misc/sampling.c b/src/backend/utils/misc/sampling.c
index 0c327e823f..7348b86682 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/misc/sampling.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/misc/sampling.c
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ BlockSampler_Init(BlockSampler bs, BlockNumber nblocks, int samplesize,
bs->N = nblocks; /* measured table size */

/*
* If we decide to reduce samplesize for tables that have [-less-]{+fewer+} or not much
* more than samplesize blocks, here is the place to do it.
*/
bs->n = samplesize;
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/freepage.c b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/freepage.c
index e4ee1aab97..10a1effb74 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/mmgr/freepage.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/mmgr/freepage.c
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ FreePageManagerDump(FreePageManager *fpm)
* if we search the parent page for the first key greater than or equal to
* the first key on the current page, the downlink to this page will be either
* the exact index returned by the search (if the first key decreased)
* or one [-less-]{+fewer+} (if the first key increased).
*/
static void
FreePageBtreeAdjustAncestorKeys(FreePageManager *fpm, FreePageBtree *btp)
diff --git a/src/bin/pgbench/pgbench.c b/src/bin/pgbench/pgbench.c
index a4a3f40048..627a244fb7 100644
--- a/src/bin/pgbench/pgbench.c
+++ b/src/bin/pgbench/pgbench.c
@@ -6458,7 +6458,7 @@ threadRun(void *arg)

/*
* If advanceConnectionState changed client to finished state,
* that's one [-less-]{+fewer+} client that remains.
*/
if (st->state == CSTATE_FINISHED || st->state == CSTATE_ABORTED)
remains--;
diff --git a/src/include/pg_config_manual.h b/src/include/pg_config_manual.h
index d27c8601fa..e3d2e751ea 100644
--- a/src/include/pg_config_manual.h
+++ b/src/include/pg_config_manual.h
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@

/*
* Maximum length for identifiers (e.g. table names, column names,
* function names). Names actually are limited to one [-less-]{+fewer+} byte than this,
* because the length must include a trailing zero byte.
*
* Changing this requires an initdb.
@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@

/*
* MAXPGPATH: standard size of a pathname buffer in PostgreSQL (hence,
* maximum usable pathname length is one [-less).-]{+fewer).+}
*
* We'd use a standard system header symbol for this, if there weren't
* so many to choose from: MAXPATHLEN, MAX_PATH, PATH_MAX are all
diff --git a/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/sqlda-native.h b/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/sqlda-native.h
index 67d3c7b4e4..9e73f1f1b1 100644
--- a/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/sqlda-native.h
+++ b/src/interfaces/ecpg/include/sqlda-native.h
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@

/*
* Maximum length for identifiers (e.g. table names, column names,
* function names). Names actually are limited to one [-less-]{+fewer+} byte than this,
* because the length must include a trailing zero byte.
*
* This should be at least as much as NAMEDATALEN of the database the
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/geometry.out b/src/test/regress/expected/geometry.out
index 84f7eabb66..9799cfbdbd 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/geometry.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/geometry.out
@@ -4325,7 +4325,7 @@ SELECT f1, polygon(8, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
<(100,1),115> | ((-15,1),(18.6827201635,82.3172798365),(100,116),(181.317279836,82.3172798365),(215,1),(181.317279836,-80.3172798365),(100,-114),(18.6827201635,-80.3172798365))
(6 rows)

-- Too [-less-]{+few+} points error
SELECT f1, polygon(1, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
ERROR: must request at least 2 points
-- Zero radius error
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/geometry.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/geometry.sql
index 96df0ab05a..b0ab6d03ec 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/geometry.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/geometry.sql
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ SELECT f1, f1::polygon FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';
-- To polygon with less points
SELECT f1, polygon(8, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';

-- Too [-less-]{+few+} points error
SELECT f1, polygon(1, f1) FROM CIRCLE_TBL WHERE f1 >= '<(0,0),1>';

-- Zero radius error

commit 1c00249319faf6dc23aadf4568ead5adc65ff57f
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Wed Feb 10 17:45:07 2021 -0600

comment typos

diff --git a/src/include/lib/simplehash.h b/src/include/lib/simplehash.h
index 395be1ca9a..99a03c8f21 100644
--- a/src/include/lib/simplehash.h
+++ b/src/include/lib/simplehash.h
@@ -626,7 +626,7 @@ restart:
uint32 curoptimal;
SH_ELEMENT_TYPE *entry = &data[curelem];

/* any empty bucket can[-directly-] be used {+directly+} */
if (entry->status == SH_STATUS_EMPTY)
{
tb->members++;

commit 2ac95b66e30785d480ef04c11d12b1075548045e
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Nov 14 23:09:21 2020 -0600

typos in master

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
index 7c341c8e3f..fe88c2273a 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/datatype.sgml
@@ -639,7 +639,7 @@ NUMERIC

<para>
The <literal>NaN</literal> (not a number) value is used to represent
undefined [-calculational-]{+computational+} results. In general, any operation with
a <literal>NaN</literal> input yields another <literal>NaN</literal>.
The only exception is when the operation's other inputs are such that
the same output would be obtained if the <literal>NaN</literal> were to

commit d6d3499f52e664b7da88a3f2c94701cae6d76609
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Dec 5 22:43:12 2020 -0600

pg_restore: "must be specified" and --list

This was discussed here, but the idea got lost.
https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/20190612170201.GA11881%40alvherre.pgsql#2984347ab074e6f198bd294fa41884df

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
index 589b4aed53..f6e6e41329 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/pg_restore.c
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ main(int argc, char **argv)
/* Complain if neither -f nor -d was specified (except if dumping TOC) */
if (!opts->cparams.dbname && !opts->filename && !opts->tocSummary)
{
pg_log_error("one of [--d/--dbname and -f/--file-]{+-d/--dbname, -f/--file, or -l/--list+} must be specified");
exit_nicely(1);
}

diff --git a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl
index 083fb3ad08..8280914c2a 100644
--- a/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl
+++ b/src/bin/pg_dump/t/001_basic.pl
@@ -63,8 +63,8 @@ command_fails_like(

command_fails_like(
['pg_restore'],
qr{\Qpg_restore: error: one of [--d/--dbname and -f/--file-]{+-d/--dbname, -f/--file, or -l/--list+} must be specified\E},
'pg_restore: error: one of [--d/--dbname and -f/--file-]{+-d/--dbname, -f/--file, or -l/--list+} must be specified');

command_fails_like(
[ 'pg_restore', '-s', '-a', '-f -' ],

commit 7c2dee70b0450bac5cfa2c3db52b4a2b2e535a9e
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Sat Feb 15 15:53:34 2020 -0600

Update comment obsolete since 69c3936a

diff --git a/src/backend/executor/nodeAgg.c b/src/backend/executor/nodeAgg.c
index 601b6dab03..394b4e667b 100644
--- a/src/backend/executor/nodeAgg.c
+++ b/src/backend/executor/nodeAgg.c
@@ -2064,8 +2064,7 @@ initialize_hash_entry(AggState *aggstate, TupleHashTable hashtable,
}

/*
* Look up hash entries for the current tuple in all hashed grouping [-sets,-]
[- * returning an array of pergroup pointers suitable for advance_aggregates.-]{+sets.+}
*
* Be aware that lookup_hash_entry can reset the tmpcontext.
*

commit 4b81f9512395cb321730e0a3dba1c659b9c2fee3
Author: Justin Pryzby <pryzbyj(at)telsasoft(dot)com>
Date: Fri Jan 8 13:09:55 2021 -0600

doc: pageinspect

d6061f83a166b015657fda8623c704fcb86930e9

backpatch to 9.6?

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/pageinspect.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/pageinspect.sgml
index a0be779940..a7bce41b7c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/pageinspect.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/pageinspect.sgml
@@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ test=# SELECT tuple_data_split('pg_class'::regclass, t_data, t_infomask, t_infom
</para>
<para>
If <parameter>do_detoast</parameter> is <literal>true</literal>,
[-attribute that-]{+attributes+} will be detoasted as needed. Default value is
<literal>false</literal>.
</para>
</listitem>