pgsql: Eliminate O(N^2) behavior in parallel restore with many blobs.

Eliminate O(N^2) behavior in parallel restore with many blobs.

With hundreds of thousands of TOC entries, the repeated searches in
reduce_dependencies() become the dominant cost. Get rid of that searching
by constructing reverse-dependency lists, which we can do in O(N) time
during the fix_dependencies() preprocessing. I chose to store the reverse
dependencies as DumpId arrays for consistency with the forward-dependency
representation, and keep the previously-transient tocsByDumpId[] array
around to locate actual TOC entry structs quickly from dump IDs.

While this fixes the slow case reported by Vlad Arkhipov, there is still
a potential for O(N^2) behavior with sufficiently many tables:
fix_dependencies itself, as well as mark_create_done and
inhibit_data_for_failed_table, are doing repeated searches to deal with
table-to-table-data dependencies. Possibly this work could be extended
to deal with that, although the latter two functions are also used in
non-parallel restore where we currently don't run fix_dependencies.

Another TODO is that we fail to parallelize restore of multiple blobs
at all. This appears to require changes in the archive format to fix.

Back-patch to 9.0 where the problem was reported. 8.4 has potential issues
as well; but since it doesn't create a separate TOC entry for each blob,
it's at much less risk of having enough TOC entries to cause real problems.

Branch
------
REL9_0_STABLE

Details
-------
http://git.postgresql.org/gitweb?p=postgresql.git;a=commitdiff;h=2ffcb0cb6a5bf97de22f0ce58f55537ce1c87653

Modified Files
--------------
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.c | 116 +++++++++++++++++++++------------
src/bin/pg_dump/pg_backup_archiver.h | 2 +
2 files changed, 76 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)