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Appendix C. SQL Key Words

Table C.1 lists all tokens that are key words in the SQL standard and in PostgreSQL 12.20. Background information can be found in Section 4.1.1. (For space reasons, only the latest two versions of the SQL standard, and SQL-92 for historical comparison, are included. The differences between those and the other intermediate standard versions are small.)

SQL distinguishes between reserved and non-reserved key words. According to the standard, reserved key words are the only real key words; they are never allowed as identifiers. Non-reserved key words only have a special meaning in particular contexts and can be used as identifiers in other contexts. Most non-reserved key words are actually the names of built-in tables and functions specified by SQL. The concept of non-reserved key words essentially only exists to declare that some predefined meaning is attached to a word in some contexts.

In the PostgreSQL parser life is a bit more complicated. There are several different classes of tokens ranging from those that can never be used as an identifier to those that have absolutely no special status in the parser as compared to an ordinary identifier. (The latter is usually the case for functions specified by SQL.) Even reserved key words are not completely reserved in PostgreSQL, but can be used as column labels (for example, SELECT 55 AS CHECK, even though CHECK is a reserved key word).

In Table C.1 in the column for PostgreSQL we classify as non-reserved those key words that are explicitly known to the parser but are allowed as column or table names. Some key words that are otherwise non-reserved cannot be used as function or data type names and are marked accordingly. (Most of these words represent built-in functions or data types with special syntax. The function or type is still available but it cannot be redefined by the user.) Labeled reserved are those tokens that are not allowed as column or table names. Some reserved key words are allowable as names for functions or data types; this is also shown in the table. If not so marked, a reserved key word is only allowed as an AS column label name.

As a general rule, if you get spurious parser errors for commands that contain any of the listed key words as an identifier you should try to quote the identifier to see if the problem goes away.

It is important to understand before studying Table C.1 that the fact that a key word is not reserved in PostgreSQL does not mean that the feature related to the word is not implemented. Conversely, the presence of a key word does not indicate the existence of a feature.

Table C.1. SQL Key Words

Key Word PostgreSQL SQL:2016 SQL:2011 SQL-92
A   non-reserved non-reserved  
ABORT non-reserved      
ABS   reserved reserved  
ABSENT   non-reserved non-reserved  
ABSOLUTE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ACCESS non-reserved      
ACCORDING   non-reserved non-reserved  
ACOS   reserved    
ACTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ADA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ADD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ADMIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
AFTER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
AGGREGATE non-reserved      
ALL reserved reserved reserved reserved
ALLOCATE   reserved reserved reserved
ALSO non-reserved      
ALTER non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ALWAYS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ANALYSE reserved      
ANALYZE reserved      
AND reserved reserved reserved reserved
ANY reserved reserved reserved reserved
ARE   reserved reserved reserved
ARRAY reserved reserved reserved  
ARRAY_AGG   reserved reserved  
ARRAY_MAX_CARDINALITY   reserved reserved  
AS reserved reserved reserved reserved
ASC reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ASENSITIVE   reserved reserved  
ASIN   reserved    
ASSERTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
ASSIGNMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ASYMMETRIC reserved reserved reserved  
AT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ATAN   reserved    
ATOMIC   reserved reserved  
ATTACH non-reserved      
ATTRIBUTE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ATTRIBUTES   non-reserved non-reserved  
AUTHORIZATION reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
AVG   reserved reserved reserved
BACKWARD non-reserved      
BASE64   non-reserved non-reserved  
BEFORE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
BEGIN non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
BEGIN_FRAME   reserved reserved  
BEGIN_PARTITION   reserved reserved  
BERNOULLI   non-reserved non-reserved  
BETWEEN non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
BIGINT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
BINARY reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
BIT non-reserved (cannot be function or type)     reserved
BIT_LENGTH       reserved
BLOB   reserved reserved  
BLOCKED   non-reserved non-reserved  
BOM   non-reserved non-reserved  
BOOLEAN non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
BOTH reserved reserved reserved reserved
BREADTH   non-reserved non-reserved  
BY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
C   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CACHE non-reserved      
CALL non-reserved reserved reserved  
CALLED non-reserved reserved reserved  
CARDINALITY   reserved reserved  
CASCADE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CASCADED non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CASE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CAST reserved reserved reserved reserved
CATALOG non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CATALOG_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CEIL   reserved reserved  
CEILING   reserved reserved  
CHAIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
CHAINING   non-reserved    
CHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTER non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTERISTICS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
CHARACTERS   non-reserved non-reserved  
CHARACTER_LENGTH   reserved reserved reserved
CHARACTER_SET_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHARACTER_SET_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CHAR_LENGTH   reserved reserved reserved
CHECK reserved reserved reserved reserved
CHECKPOINT non-reserved      
CLASS non-reserved      
CLASSIFIER   reserved    
CLASS_ORIGIN   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CLOB   reserved reserved  
CLOSE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CLUSTER non-reserved      
COALESCE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
COBOL   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
COLLATION reserved (can be function or type) non-reserved non-reserved reserved
COLLATION_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATION_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLATION_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COLLECT   reserved reserved  
COLUMN reserved reserved reserved reserved
COLUMNS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
COLUMN_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
COMMAND_FUNCTION_CODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
COMMENT non-reserved      
COMMENTS non-reserved      
COMMIT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
COMMITTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONCURRENTLY reserved (can be function or type)      
CONDITION   reserved reserved  
CONDITIONAL   non-reserved    
CONDITION_NUMBER   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONFIGURATION non-reserved      
CONFLICT non-reserved      
CONNECT   reserved reserved reserved
CONNECTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONNECTION_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT reserved reserved reserved reserved
CONSTRAINTS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONSTRAINT_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRAINT_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CONSTRUCTOR   non-reserved non-reserved  
CONTAINS   reserved reserved  
CONTENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
CONTINUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
CONTROL   non-reserved non-reserved  
CONVERSION non-reserved      
CONVERT   reserved reserved reserved
COPY non-reserved reserved    
CORR   reserved reserved  
CORRESPONDING   reserved reserved reserved
COS   reserved    
COSH   reserved    
COST non-reserved      
COUNT   reserved reserved reserved
COVAR_POP   reserved reserved  
COVAR_SAMP   reserved reserved  
CREATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CROSS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
CSV non-reserved      
CUBE non-reserved reserved reserved  
CUME_DIST   reserved reserved  
CURRENT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_CATALOG reserved reserved reserved  
CURRENT_DATE reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_DEFAULT_TRANSFORM_GROUP   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_PATH   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_ROLE reserved reserved reserved  
CURRENT_ROW   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_SCHEMA reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
CURRENT_TIME reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURRENT_TRANSFORM_GROUP_FOR_TYPE   reserved reserved  
CURRENT_USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURSOR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
CURSOR_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
CYCLE non-reserved reserved reserved  
DATA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DATABASE non-reserved      
DATALINK   reserved reserved  
DATE   reserved reserved reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_CODE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DATETIME_INTERVAL_PRECISION   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DAY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DB   non-reserved non-reserved  
DEALLOCATE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEC non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
DECFLOAT   reserved    
DECIMAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
DECLARE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEFAULT reserved reserved reserved reserved
DEFAULTS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
DEFERRABLE reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DEFERRED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DEFINE   reserved    
DEFINED   non-reserved non-reserved  
DEFINER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
DEGREE   non-reserved non-reserved  
DELETE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DELIMITER non-reserved      
DELIMITERS non-reserved      
DENSE_RANK   reserved reserved  
DEPENDS non-reserved      
DEPTH   non-reserved non-reserved  
DEREF   reserved reserved  
DERIVED   non-reserved non-reserved  
DESC reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DESCRIBE   reserved reserved reserved
DESCRIPTOR   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DETACH non-reserved      
DETERMINISTIC   reserved reserved  
DIAGNOSTICS   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DICTIONARY non-reserved      
DISABLE non-reserved      
DISCARD non-reserved      
DISCONNECT   reserved reserved reserved
DISPATCH   non-reserved non-reserved  
DISTINCT reserved reserved reserved reserved
DLNEWCOPY   reserved reserved  
DLPREVIOUSCOPY   reserved reserved  
DLURLCOMPLETE   reserved reserved  
DLURLCOMPLETEONLY   reserved reserved  
DLURLCOMPLETEWRITE   reserved reserved  
DLURLPATH   reserved reserved  
DLURLPATHONLY   reserved reserved  
DLURLPATHWRITE   reserved reserved  
DLURLSCHEME   reserved reserved  
DLURLSERVER   reserved reserved  
DLVALUE   reserved reserved  
DO reserved      
DOCUMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
DOMAIN non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
DOUBLE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DROP non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
DYNAMIC   reserved reserved  
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
DYNAMIC_FUNCTION_CODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
EACH non-reserved reserved reserved  
ELEMENT   reserved reserved  
ELSE reserved reserved reserved reserved
EMPTY   reserved non-reserved  
ENABLE non-reserved      
ENCODING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ENCRYPTED non-reserved      
END reserved reserved reserved reserved
END-EXEC   reserved reserved reserved
END_FRAME   reserved reserved  
END_PARTITION   reserved reserved  
ENFORCED   non-reserved non-reserved  
ENUM non-reserved      
EQUALS   reserved reserved  
ERROR   non-reserved    
ESCAPE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EVENT non-reserved      
EVERY   reserved reserved  
EXCEPT reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXCEPTION       reserved
EXCLUDE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
EXCLUDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
EXCLUSIVE non-reserved      
EXEC   reserved reserved reserved
EXECUTE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXISTS non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
EXP   reserved reserved  
EXPLAIN non-reserved      
EXPRESSION   non-reserved non-reserved  
EXTENSION non-reserved      
EXTERNAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
EXTRACT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FALSE reserved reserved reserved reserved
FAMILY non-reserved      
FETCH reserved reserved reserved reserved
FILE   non-reserved non-reserved  
FILTER non-reserved reserved reserved  
FINAL   non-reserved non-reserved  
FINISH   non-reserved    
FIRST non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
FIRST_VALUE   reserved reserved  
FLAG   non-reserved non-reserved  
FLOAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FLOOR   reserved reserved  
FOLLOWING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
FOR reserved reserved reserved reserved
FORCE non-reserved      
FOREIGN reserved reserved reserved reserved
FORMAT   non-reserved    
FORTRAN   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
FORWARD non-reserved      
FOUND   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
FRAME_ROW   reserved reserved  
FREE   reserved reserved  
FREEZE reserved (can be function or type)      
FROM reserved reserved reserved reserved
FS   non-reserved non-reserved  
FULFILL   non-reserved    
FULL reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
FUNCTION non-reserved reserved reserved  
FUNCTIONS non-reserved      
FUSION   reserved reserved  
G   non-reserved non-reserved  
GENERAL   non-reserved non-reserved  
GENERATED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
GET   reserved reserved reserved
GLOBAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
GO   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
GOTO   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
GRANT reserved reserved reserved reserved
GRANTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
GREATEST non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
GROUP reserved reserved reserved reserved
GROUPING non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
GROUPS non-reserved reserved reserved  
HANDLER non-reserved      
HAVING reserved reserved reserved reserved
HEADER non-reserved      
HEX   non-reserved non-reserved  
HIERARCHY   non-reserved non-reserved  
HOLD non-reserved reserved reserved  
HOUR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ID   non-reserved non-reserved  
IDENTITY non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
IF non-reserved      
IGNORE   non-reserved non-reserved  
ILIKE reserved (can be function or type)      
IMMEDIATE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
IMMEDIATELY   non-reserved non-reserved  
IMMUTABLE non-reserved      
IMPLEMENTATION   non-reserved non-reserved  
IMPLICIT non-reserved      
IMPORT non-reserved reserved reserved  
IN reserved reserved reserved reserved
INCLUDE non-reserved      
INCLUDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
INCREMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
INDENT   non-reserved non-reserved  
INDEX non-reserved      
INDEXES non-reserved      
INDICATOR   reserved reserved reserved
INHERIT non-reserved      
INHERITS non-reserved      
INITIAL   reserved    
INITIALLY reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
INLINE non-reserved      
INNER reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INOUT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
INPUT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
INSENSITIVE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
INSERT non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
INSTANCE   non-reserved non-reserved  
INSTANTIABLE   non-reserved non-reserved  
INSTEAD non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
INT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTEGER non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTEGRITY   non-reserved non-reserved  
INTERSECT reserved reserved reserved reserved
INTERSECTION   reserved reserved  
INTERVAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
INTO reserved reserved reserved reserved
INVOKER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
IS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
ISNULL reserved (can be function or type)      
ISOLATION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
JOIN reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
JSON   non-reserved    
JSON_ARRAY   reserved    
JSON_ARRAYAGG   reserved    
JSON_EXISTS   reserved    
JSON_OBJECT   reserved    
JSON_OBJECTAGG   reserved    
JSON_QUERY   reserved    
JSON_TABLE   reserved    
JSON_TABLE_PRIMITIVE   reserved    
JSON_VALUE   reserved    
K   non-reserved non-reserved  
KEEP   non-reserved    
KEY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
KEYS   non-reserved    
KEY_MEMBER   non-reserved non-reserved  
KEY_TYPE   non-reserved non-reserved  
LABEL non-reserved      
LAG   reserved reserved  
LANGUAGE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
LARGE non-reserved reserved reserved  
LAST non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
LAST_VALUE   reserved reserved  
LATERAL reserved reserved reserved  
LEAD   reserved reserved  
LEADING reserved reserved reserved reserved
LEAKPROOF non-reserved      
LEAST non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
LEFT reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
LEVEL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
LIBRARY   non-reserved non-reserved  
LIKE reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
LIKE_REGEX   reserved reserved  
LIMIT reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
LINK   non-reserved non-reserved  
LISTAGG   reserved    
LISTEN non-reserved      
LN   reserved reserved  
LOAD non-reserved      
LOCAL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
LOCALTIME reserved reserved reserved  
LOCALTIMESTAMP reserved reserved reserved  
LOCATION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
LOCATOR   non-reserved non-reserved  
LOCK non-reserved      
LOCKED non-reserved      
LOG   reserved    
LOG10   reserved    
LOGGED non-reserved      
LOWER   reserved reserved reserved
M   non-reserved non-reserved  
MAP   non-reserved non-reserved  
MAPPING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
MATCH non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MATCHED   non-reserved non-reserved  
MATCHES   reserved    
MATCH_NUMBER   reserved    
MATCH_RECOGNIZE   reserved    
MATERIALIZED non-reserved      
MAX   reserved reserved reserved
MAXVALUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
MEASURES   reserved    
MEMBER   reserved reserved  
MERGE   reserved reserved  
MESSAGE_LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MESSAGE_OCTET_LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MESSAGE_TEXT   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
METHOD non-reserved reserved reserved  
MIN   reserved reserved reserved
MINUTE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MINVALUE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
MOD   reserved reserved  
MODE non-reserved      
MODIFIES   reserved reserved  
MODULE   reserved reserved reserved
MONTH non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
MORE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
MOVE non-reserved      
MULTISET   reserved reserved  
MUMPS   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NAME non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NAMES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
NAMESPACE   non-reserved non-reserved  
NATIONAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NATURAL reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NCHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NCLOB   reserved reserved  
NESTED   non-reserved    
NESTING   non-reserved non-reserved  
NEW non-reserved reserved reserved  
NEXT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
NFC   non-reserved non-reserved  
NFD   non-reserved non-reserved  
NFKC   non-reserved non-reserved  
NFKD   non-reserved non-reserved  
NIL   non-reserved non-reserved  
NO non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
NONE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
NORMALIZE   reserved reserved  
NORMALIZED   non-reserved non-reserved  
NOT reserved reserved reserved reserved
NOTHING non-reserved      
NOTIFY non-reserved      
NOTNULL reserved (can be function or type)      
NOWAIT non-reserved      
NTH_VALUE   reserved reserved  
NTILE   reserved reserved  
NULL reserved reserved reserved reserved
NULLABLE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NULLIF non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
NULLS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
NUMBER   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
NUMERIC non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OBJECT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OCCURRENCES_REGEX   reserved reserved  
OCTETS   non-reserved non-reserved  
OCTET_LENGTH   reserved reserved reserved
OF non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
OFF non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OFFSET reserved reserved reserved  
OIDS non-reserved      
OLD non-reserved reserved reserved  
OMIT   reserved    
ON reserved reserved reserved reserved
ONE   reserved    
ONLY reserved reserved reserved reserved
OPEN   reserved reserved reserved
OPERATOR non-reserved      
OPTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
OPTIONS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OR reserved reserved reserved reserved
ORDER reserved reserved reserved reserved
ORDERING   non-reserved non-reserved  
ORDINALITY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OTHERS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OUT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
OUTER reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OUTPUT   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
OVER non-reserved reserved reserved  
OVERFLOW   non-reserved    
OVERLAPS reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
OVERLAY non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
OVERRIDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
OWNED non-reserved      
OWNER non-reserved      
P   non-reserved non-reserved  
PAD   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PARALLEL non-reserved      
PARAMETER   reserved reserved  
PARAMETER_MODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_ORDINAL_POSITION   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARAMETER_SPECIFIC_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
PARSER non-reserved      
PARTIAL non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PARTITION non-reserved reserved reserved  
PASCAL   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
PASS   non-reserved    
PASSING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
PASSTHROUGH   non-reserved non-reserved  
PASSWORD non-reserved      
PAST   non-reserved    
PATH   non-reserved non-reserved  
PATTERN   reserved    
PER   reserved    
PERCENT   reserved reserved  
PERCENTILE_CONT   reserved reserved  
PERCENTILE_DISC   reserved reserved  
PERCENT_RANK   reserved reserved  
PERIOD   reserved reserved  
PERMISSION   non-reserved non-reserved  
PERMUTE   reserved    
PLACING reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
PLAN   non-reserved    
PLANS non-reserved      
PLI   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
POLICY non-reserved      
PORTION   reserved reserved  
POSITION non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
POSITION_REGEX   reserved reserved  
POWER   reserved reserved  
PRECEDES   reserved reserved  
PRECEDING non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
PRECISION non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
PREPARE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
PREPARED non-reserved      
PRESERVE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PRIMARY reserved reserved reserved reserved
PRIOR non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PRIVATE   non-reserved    
PRIVILEGES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PROCEDURAL non-reserved      
PROCEDURE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
PROCEDURES non-reserved      
PROGRAM non-reserved      
PRUNE   non-reserved    
PTF   reserved    
PUBLIC   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
PUBLICATION non-reserved      
QUOTE non-reserved      
QUOTES   non-reserved    
RANGE non-reserved reserved reserved  
RANK   reserved reserved  
READ non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
READS   reserved reserved  
REAL non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
REASSIGN non-reserved      
RECHECK non-reserved      
RECOVERY   non-reserved non-reserved  
RECURSIVE non-reserved reserved reserved  
REF non-reserved reserved reserved  
REFERENCES reserved reserved reserved reserved
REFERENCING non-reserved reserved reserved  
REFRESH non-reserved      
REGR_AVGX   reserved reserved  
REGR_AVGY   reserved reserved  
REGR_COUNT   reserved reserved  
REGR_INTERCEPT   reserved reserved  
REGR_R2   reserved reserved  
REGR_SLOPE   reserved reserved  
REGR_SXX   reserved reserved  
REGR_SXY   reserved reserved  
REGR_SYY   reserved reserved  
REINDEX non-reserved      
RELATIVE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
RELEASE non-reserved reserved reserved  
RENAME non-reserved      
REPEATABLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
REPLACE non-reserved      
REPLICA non-reserved      
REQUIRING   non-reserved non-reserved  
RESET non-reserved      
RESPECT   non-reserved non-reserved  
RESTART non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
RESTORE   non-reserved non-reserved  
RESTRICT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
RESULT   reserved reserved  
RETURN   reserved reserved  
RETURNED_CARDINALITY   non-reserved non-reserved  
RETURNED_LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNED_OCTET_LENGTH   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNED_SQLSTATE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
RETURNING reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
RETURNS non-reserved reserved reserved  
REVOKE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
RIGHT reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
ROLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ROLLBACK non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ROLLUP non-reserved reserved reserved  
ROUTINE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ROUTINES non-reserved      
ROUTINE_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
ROUTINE_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
ROUTINE_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
ROW non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
ROWS non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
ROW_COUNT   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
ROW_NUMBER   reserved reserved  
RULE non-reserved      
RUNNING   reserved    
SAVEPOINT non-reserved reserved reserved  
SCALAR   non-reserved    
SCALE   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SCHEMA non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SCHEMAS non-reserved      
SCHEMA_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SCOPE   reserved reserved  
SCOPE_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
SCOPE_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
SCOPE_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
SCROLL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SEARCH non-reserved reserved reserved  
SECOND non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SECTION   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SECURITY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SEEK   reserved    
SELECT reserved reserved reserved reserved
SELECTIVE   non-reserved non-reserved  
SELF   non-reserved non-reserved  
SENSITIVE   reserved reserved  
SEQUENCE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SEQUENCES non-reserved      
SERIALIZABLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SERVER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SERVER_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SESSION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SESSION_USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
SET non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SETOF non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
SETS non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SHARE non-reserved      
SHOW non-reserved reserved    
SIMILAR reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
SIMPLE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
SIN   reserved    
SINH   reserved    
SIZE   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SKIP non-reserved reserved    
SMALLINT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
SNAPSHOT non-reserved      
SOME reserved reserved reserved reserved
SOURCE   non-reserved non-reserved  
SPACE   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
SPECIFIC   reserved reserved  
SPECIFICTYPE   reserved reserved  
SPECIFIC_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
SQL non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
SQLCODE       reserved
SQLERROR       reserved
SQLEXCEPTION   reserved reserved  
SQLSTATE   reserved reserved reserved
SQLWARNING   reserved reserved  
SQRT   reserved reserved  
STABLE non-reserved      
STANDALONE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
START non-reserved reserved reserved  
STATE   non-reserved non-reserved  
STATEMENT non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
STATIC   reserved reserved  
STATISTICS non-reserved      
STDDEV_POP   reserved reserved  
STDDEV_SAMP   reserved reserved  
STDIN non-reserved      
STDOUT non-reserved      
STORAGE non-reserved      
STORED non-reserved      
STRICT non-reserved      
STRING   non-reserved    
STRIP non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
STRUCTURE   non-reserved non-reserved  
STYLE   non-reserved non-reserved  
SUBCLASS_ORIGIN   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
SUBMULTISET   reserved reserved  
SUBSCRIPTION non-reserved      
SUBSET   reserved    
SUBSTRING non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
SUBSTRING_REGEX   reserved reserved  
SUCCEEDS   reserved reserved  
SUM   reserved reserved reserved
SUPPORT non-reserved      
SYMMETRIC reserved reserved reserved  
SYSID non-reserved      
SYSTEM non-reserved reserved reserved  
SYSTEM_TIME   reserved reserved  
SYSTEM_USER   reserved reserved reserved
T   non-reserved non-reserved  
TABLE reserved reserved reserved reserved
TABLES non-reserved      
TABLESAMPLE reserved (can be function or type) reserved reserved  
TABLESPACE non-reserved      
TABLE_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
TAN   reserved    
TANH   reserved    
TEMP non-reserved      
TEMPLATE non-reserved      
TEMPORARY non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
TEXT non-reserved      
THEN reserved reserved reserved reserved
THROUGH   non-reserved    
TIES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
TIME non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TIMESTAMP non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TIMEZONE_HOUR   reserved reserved reserved
TIMEZONE_MINUTE   reserved reserved reserved
TO reserved reserved reserved reserved
TOKEN   non-reserved non-reserved  
TOP_LEVEL_COUNT   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRAILING reserved reserved reserved reserved
TRANSACTION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
TRANSACTIONS_COMMITTED   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSACTIONS_ROLLED_BACK   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSACTION_ACTIVE   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSFORM non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSFORMS   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRANSLATE   reserved reserved reserved
TRANSLATE_REGEX   reserved reserved  
TRANSLATION   reserved reserved reserved
TREAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
TRIGGER non-reserved reserved reserved  
TRIGGER_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRIGGER_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRIGGER_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
TRIM non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
TRIM_ARRAY   reserved reserved  
TRUE reserved reserved reserved reserved
TRUNCATE non-reserved reserved reserved  
TRUSTED non-reserved      
TYPE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
TYPES non-reserved      
UESCAPE   reserved reserved  
UNBOUNDED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
UNCOMMITTED non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
UNCONDITIONAL   non-reserved    
UNDER   non-reserved non-reserved  
UNENCRYPTED non-reserved      
UNION reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNIQUE reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNKNOWN non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
UNLINK   non-reserved non-reserved  
UNLISTEN non-reserved      
UNLOGGED non-reserved      
UNMATCHED   reserved    
UNNAMED   non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved
UNNEST   reserved reserved  
UNTIL non-reserved      
UNTYPED   non-reserved non-reserved  
UPDATE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
UPPER   reserved reserved reserved
URI   non-reserved non-reserved  
USAGE   non-reserved non-reserved reserved
USER reserved reserved reserved reserved
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CATALOG   non-reserved non-reserved  
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_CODE   non-reserved non-reserved  
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_NAME   non-reserved non-reserved  
USER_DEFINED_TYPE_SCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
USING reserved reserved reserved reserved
UTF16   non-reserved    
UTF32   non-reserved    
UTF8   non-reserved    
VACUUM non-reserved      
VALID non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
VALIDATE non-reserved      
VALIDATOR non-reserved      
VALUE non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
VALUES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
VALUE_OF   reserved reserved  
VARBINARY   reserved reserved  
VARCHAR non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved reserved
VARIADIC reserved      
VARYING non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
VAR_POP   reserved reserved  
VAR_SAMP   reserved reserved  
VERBOSE reserved (can be function or type)      
VERSION non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
VERSIONING   reserved reserved  
VIEW non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
VIEWS non-reserved      
VOLATILE non-reserved      
WHEN reserved reserved reserved reserved
WHENEVER   reserved reserved reserved
WHERE reserved reserved reserved reserved
WHITESPACE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
WIDTH_BUCKET   reserved reserved  
WINDOW reserved reserved reserved  
WITH reserved reserved reserved reserved
WITHIN non-reserved reserved reserved  
WITHOUT non-reserved reserved reserved  
WORK non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
WRAPPER non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
WRITE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved
XML non-reserved reserved reserved  
XMLAGG   reserved reserved  
XMLATTRIBUTES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLBINARY   reserved reserved  
XMLCAST   reserved reserved  
XMLCOMMENT   reserved reserved  
XMLCONCAT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLDECLARATION   non-reserved non-reserved  
XMLDOCUMENT   reserved reserved  
XMLELEMENT non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLEXISTS non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLFOREST non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLITERATE   reserved reserved  
XMLNAMESPACES non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLPARSE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLPI non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLQUERY   reserved reserved  
XMLROOT non-reserved (cannot be function or type)      
XMLSCHEMA   non-reserved non-reserved  
XMLSERIALIZE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLTABLE non-reserved (cannot be function or type) reserved reserved  
XMLTEXT   reserved reserved  
XMLVALIDATE   reserved reserved  
YEAR non-reserved reserved reserved reserved
YES non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved  
ZONE non-reserved non-reserved non-reserved reserved

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