General \c[onnect] [DBNAME|- [USER]] connect to new database (currently "test") \q quit psql \h [NAME] help on syntax of SQL commands, * for all commands \copyright show PostgreSQL usage and distribution terms \cd [DIR] change the current working directory \! [COMMAND] execute command in shell or start interactive shell \encoding [ENCODING] show or set client encoding \set [NAME [VALUE]] set internal variable, or list all if no parameters \unset NAME unset (delete) internal variable \timing toggle timing of commands (currently off) Query Buffer \g [FILE] send query buffer to server (and results to file or |pipe) \r reset (clear) the query buffer \e [FILE] edit the query buffer (or file) with external editor \i FILE execute commands from file \p show the contents of the query buffer \w [FILE] write query buffer to file \o FILE send all query results to file or |pipe \s [FILE] display history or save it to file Informational \d [NAME] describe table, index, sequence, or view \d{t|i|s|v|S} [PATTERN] (add "+" for more detail) list tables/indexes/sequences/views/system tables \da [PATTERN] list aggregate functions \dd [PATTERN] show comment for object \dD [PATTERN] list domains \df [PATTERN] list functions (add "+" for more detail) \do [NAME] list operators \dl list large objects, same as \lo_list \dp [PATTERN] list table access privileges \dT [PATTERN] list data types (add "+" for more detail) \du [PATTERN] list users \l list all databases (add "+" for more detail) \z [PATTERN] list table access privileges (same as \dp) Large Object, Copy \lo_export \lo_import \lo_list \lo_unlink large object operations \copy ... perform SQL COPY with data stream to the client host Formatting \x toggle expanded output (currently off) \a toggle between unaligned and aligned output mode \f [STRING] show or set field separator for unaligned query output \pset NAME [VALUE] set table output option (NAME := {format|border|expanded|fieldsep|null|recordsep| tuples_only|title|tableattr|pager}) \C [STRING] set table title, or unset if none \t show only rows (currently off) \echo [STRING] write string to standard output \qecho [STRING] write string to query output stream (see \o) HTML Output \H toggle HTML output mode (currently off) \T [STRING] set HTML tag attributes, or unset if none