diff -c -r -N --exclude=CVS /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/Makefile earthdistance/Makefile
*** /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/Makefile	Thu Sep  6 05:49:29 2001
--- earthdistance/Makefile	Mon Sep  9 18:04:38 2002
***************
*** 1,4 ****
! # $Header: /projects/cvsroot/contrib/earthdistance/Makefile,v 1.11 2001/09/06 10:49:29 petere Exp $
  
  subdir = contrib/earthdistance
  top_builddir = ../..
--- 1,4 ----
! # $Header: /cvsroot/contrib/earthdistance/Makefile,v 1.11 2001/09/06 10:49:29 petere Exp $
  
  subdir = contrib/earthdistance
  top_builddir = ../..
***************
*** 7,11 ****
--- 7,12 ----
  MODULES = earthdistance
  DATA_built = earthdistance.sql
  DOCS = README.earthdistance
+ REGRESS = earthdistance
  
  include $(top_srcdir)/contrib/contrib-global.mk
diff -c -r -N --exclude=CVS /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/README.earthdistance earthdistance/README.earthdistance
*** /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/README.earthdistance	Mon Jun 19 09:01:20 2000
--- earthdistance/README.earthdistance	Tue Sep 10 08:47:45 2002
***************
*** 1,3 ****
--- 1,103 ----
+ This contrib package contains two different approaches to calculating
+ great circle distances on the surface of the Earth. The one described
+ first depends on the contrib/cube package (which MUST be installed before
+ earthdistance is installed). The second one is based on the point
+ datatype using latitude and longitude for the coordinates. The install
+ script makes the defined functions executable by anyone.
+ 
+ Make sure contrib/cube has been installed.
+ make
+ make install
+ make installcheck
+ 
+ To use these functions in a particular database as a postgres superuser do:
+ psql databasename < earthdistance.sql
+ 
+ -------------------------------------------
+ contrib/cube based Earth distance functions
+ Bruno Wolff III
+ September 2002
+ 
+ A spherical model of the Earth is used.
+ 
+ Data is stored in cubes that are points (both corners are the same) using 3
+ coordinates representing the distance from the center of the Earth.
+ 
+ The radius of the Earth is obtained from the earth() function. It is
+ given in meters. But by changing this one function you can change it
+ to use some other units or to use a different value of the radius
+ that you feel is more appropiate.
+ 
+ This package also has applications to astronomical databases as well.
+ Astronomers will probably want to change earth() to return a radius of
+ 180/pi() so that distances are in degrees.
+ 
+ Functions are provided to allow for input in latitude and longitude (in
+ degrees), to allow for output of latitude and longitude, to calculate
+ the great circle distance between two points and to easily specify a
+ bounding box usable for index searches.
+ 
+ The functions are all 'sql' functions. If you want to make these functions
+ executable by other people you will also have to make the referenced
+ cube functions executable. cube(text), cube_distance(cube,cube),
+ cube_ll_coord(cube,int) and cube_enlarge(cube,float8,int) are used indirectly
+ by the earth distance functions. is_point(cube) and cube_dim(cube) are used
+ in suggested constraints for data in domain earth. cube_ur_coord(cube,int)
+ is used in the regression tests and might be useful for looking at bounding
+ box coordinates in user applications.
+ 
+ A domain of type cube named earth is defined. Since check constraints
+ are not supported for domains yet, this isn't as useful as it might be.
+ However the checks that should be supplied to all data of type earth are:
+ 
+ constraint not_point check(is_point(earth))
+ constraint not_3d check(cube_dim(earth) <= 3)
+ constraint on_surface check(abs(cube_distance(earth, '(0)'::cube) /
+            earth() - 1) < '10e-12'::float8);
+ 
+ The following functions are provided:
+ 
+ earth() - Returns the radius of the earth in meters.
+ 
+ sec_to_gc(float8) - Converts the normal straight line (secant) distance between
+ between two points on the surface of the Earth to the great circle distance
+ between them.
+ 
+ gc_to_sec(float8) - Converts the great circle distance between two points
+ on the surface of the Earth to the normal straight line (secant) distance
+ between them.
+ 
+ ll_to_cube(float8, float8) - Returns the location of a point on the surface of
+ the Earth given its latitude (argument 1) and longitude (argument 2) in degrees.
+ 
+ latitude(earth) - Returns the latitude in degrees of a point on the surface
+ of the Earth.
+ 
+ longitude(earth) - Returns the longitude in degrees of a point on the surface
+ of the Earth.
+ 
+ earth_distance(earth, earth) - Returns the great circle distance between
+ two points on the surface of the Earth.
+ 
+ earth_box(earth, float8)  - Returns a box suitable for an indexed search using
+ the cube @ operator for points within a given great circle distance of a
+ location. Some points in this box are further than the specified great circle
+ distance from the location so a second check using earth_distance should be
+ made at the same time.
+ 
+ One advantage of using cube representation over a point using latitude and
+ longitude for coordinates, is that you don't have to worry about special
+ conditions at +/- 180 degrees of longitude or near the poles.
+ 
+ Below is the documentation for the Earth distance operator that works
+ with the point data type.
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+ I corrected a bug in the geo_distance code where two double constants
+ were declared as int. I also changed the distance function to use
+ the haversine formula which is more accurate for small distances.
+ Bruno Wolff
+ September 2002
+ ---------------------------------------------------------------------
  Date: Wed, 1 Apr 1998 15:19:32 -0600 (CST)
  From: Hal Snyder <hal@vailsys.com>
  To: vmehr@ctp.com
diff -c -r -N --exclude=CVS /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/earthdistance.c earthdistance/earthdistance.c
*** /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/earthdistance.c	Wed Mar 21 21:59:09 2001
--- earthdistance/earthdistance.c	Mon Sep  9 18:04:38 2002
***************
*** 6,13 ****
  
  
  /* Earth's radius is in statute miles. */
! const int	EARTH_RADIUS = 3958.747716;
! const int	TWO_PI = 2.0 * M_PI;
  
  double	   *geo_distance(Point *pt1, Point *pt2);
  
--- 6,13 ----
  
  
  /* Earth's radius is in statute miles. */
! const double	EARTH_RADIUS = 3958.747716;
! const double	TWO_PI = 2.0 * M_PI;
  
  double	   *geo_distance(Point *pt1, Point *pt2);
  
***************
*** 50,55 ****
--- 50,56 ----
  				long2,
  				lat2;
  	double		longdiff;
+         double		sino;
  	double	   *resultp = palloc(sizeof(double));
  
  	/* convert degrees to radians */
***************
*** 65,72 ****
  	if (longdiff > M_PI)
  		longdiff = TWO_PI - longdiff;
  
! 	*resultp = EARTH_RADIUS * acos
! 		(sin(lat1) * sin(lat2) + cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * cos(longdiff));
  
  	return resultp;
  }
--- 66,75 ----
  	if (longdiff > M_PI)
  		longdiff = TWO_PI - longdiff;
  
!         sino = sqrt(sin(fabs(lat1-lat2)/2.)*sin(fabs(lat1-lat2)/2.) +
!                 cos(lat1) * cos(lat2) * sin(longdiff/2.)*sin(longdiff/2.));
!         if (sino > 1.) sino = 1.;
!         *resultp = 2. * EARTH_RADIUS * asin(sino);
  
  	return resultp;
  }
diff -c -r -N --exclude=CVS /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/earthdistance.sql.in earthdistance/earthdistance.sql.in
*** /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/earthdistance.sql.in	Thu Aug 16 17:24:43 2001
--- earthdistance/earthdistance.sql.in	Thu Sep 12 08:03:06 2002
***************
*** 1,16 ****
  
! --------------- geo_distance
  
! DROP FUNCTION geo_distance (point, point);
! CREATE FUNCTION geo_distance (point, point) RETURNS float8
!   AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME' LANGUAGE 'c'
!   WITH (isstrict);
  
! SELECT geo_distance ('(1,2)'::point, '(3,4)'::point);
  
  --------------- geo_distance as operator <@>
  
- DROP OPERATOR <@> (point, point);
  CREATE OPERATOR <@> (
    leftarg = point,
    rightarg = point,
--- 1,67 ----
+ begin;
  
! -- The earth functions rely on contrib/cube having been installed and loaded.
! 
! -- earth() returns the radius of the earth in meters. This is the only
! -- place you need to change things for the cube base distance functions
! -- in order to use different units (or a better value for the Earth's radius).
! 
! create or replace function earth() returns float8 language 'sql' immutable as
!   'select \'6378168\'::float8';
! 
! -- Astromers may want to change the earth function so that distances will be
! -- returned in degrees. To do this comment out the above definition and
! -- uncomment the one below. Note that doing this will break the regression
! -- tests.
! --
! -- create or replace function earth() returns float8 language 'sql' immutable as
! --  'select 180/pi()';
! 
! -- Define domain for locations on the surface of the earth using a cube
! -- datatype with constraints. cube provides 3D indexing.
! -- Check constraints aren't currently supported.
! 
! create domain earth as cube;
! --  constraint not_point check(is_point(earth))
! --  constraint not_3d check(cube_dim(earth) <= 3)
! --  constraint on_surface check(abs(cube_distance(earth, '(0)'::cube) /
! --  earth() - 1) < '10e-12'::float8);
! 
! create or replace function sec_to_gc(float8) returns float8 language 'sql'
!   immutable strict as
!   'select case when $1 < 0 then 0::float8 when $1/(2*earth()) > 1 then pi()*earth() else 2*earth()*asin($1/(2*earth())) end';
! 
! create or replace function gc_to_sec(float8) returns float8 language 'sql'
!   immutable strict as
!   'select case when $1 < 0 then 0::float8 when $1/earth() > pi() then 2*earth() else 2*earth()*sin($1/(2*earth())) end';
! 
! create or replace function ll_to_earth(float8, float8) returns earth language 'sql'
!   immutable strict as
!   'select cube(\'(\'||earth()*cos(radians($1))*cos(radians($2))||\',\'||earth()*cos(radians($1))*sin(radians($2))||\',\'||earth()*sin(radians($1))||\')\')';
! 
! create or replace function latitude(earth) returns float8 language 'sql'
!   immutable strict as
!   'select case when cube_ll_coord($1, 3)/earth() < -1 then -90::float8 when cube_ll_coord($1, 3)/earth() > 1 then 90::float8 else degrees(asin(cube_ll_coord($1, 3)/earth())) end';
! 
! create or replace function longitude(earth) returns float8 language 'sql'
!   immutable strict as
!   'select degrees(atan2(cube_ll_coord($1, 2), cube_ll_coord($1, 1)))';
! 
! create or replace function earth_distance(earth, earth) returns float8 language 'sql'
!   immutable strict as
!   'select sec_to_gc(cube_distance($1, $2))';
! 
! create or replace function earth_box(earth, float8) returns cube language 'sql'
!   immutable strict as
!   'select cube_enlarge($1, gc_to_sec($2), 3)';
  
! --------------- geo_distance
  
! CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION geo_distance (point, point) RETURNS float8
!   LANGUAGE 'c' IMMUTABLE STRICT AS 'MODULE_PATHNAME';
  
  --------------- geo_distance as operator <@>
  
  CREATE OPERATOR <@> (
    leftarg = point,
    rightarg = point,
***************
*** 18,24 ****
    commutator = <@>
  );
  
! -- ( 87.6, 41.8) is in Chicago
! -- (106.7, 35.1) is in Albuquerque
! -- The cities are about 1100 miles apart
! SELECT '(87.6,41.8)'::point <@> '(106.7,35.1)'::point;
--- 69,89 ----
    commutator = <@>
  );
  
! --
! -- By default these functions are made executable by anyone. To restrict
! -- their access, comment out the following grant commands. Also note
! -- that some of these functions refer to functions in contrib/cube
! -- and execute access to those referenced functions to use the functions
! -- defined here.
! --
! 
! grant execute on function earth() to public;
! grant execute on function sec_to_gc(float8) to public;
! grant execute on function gc_to_sec(float8) to public;
! grant execute on function ll_to_earth(float8, float8) to public;
! grant execute on function latitude(earth) to public;
! grant execute on function longitude(earth) to public;
! grant execute on function earth_distance(earth, earth) to public;
! grant execute on function earth_box(earth, float8) to public;
! 
! commit;
diff -c -r -N --exclude=CVS /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/expected/earthdistance.out earthdistance/expected/earthdistance.out
*** /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/expected/earthdistance.out	Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 1969
--- earthdistance/expected/earthdistance.out	Mon Sep  9 18:04:38 2002
***************
*** 0 ****
--- 1,948 ----
+ --
+ --  Test earth distance functions
+ --
+ --
+ -- first, define the datatype.  Turn off echoing so that expected file
+ -- does not depend on contents of earthdistance.sql or cube.sql.
+ --
+ \set ECHO none
+ psql:../cube/cube.sql:11: WARNING:  ProcedureCreate: type cube is not yet defined
+ psql:../cube/cube.sql:16: WARNING:  Argument type "cube" is only a shell
+ --
+ -- The radius of the Earth we are using.
+ --
+ select earth()::numeric(20,5);
+      earth     
+ ---------------
+  6378168.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Convert straight line distances to great circle distances.
+ --
+ select (pi()*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+     numeric     
+ ----------------
+  20037605.73216
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(0)::numeric(20,5);
+  sec_to_gc 
+ -----------
+    0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(2*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+    sec_to_gc    
+ ----------------
+  20037605.73216
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(10*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+    sec_to_gc    
+ ----------------
+  20037605.73216
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(-earth())::numeric(20,5);
+  sec_to_gc 
+ -----------
+    0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(1000)::numeric(20,5);
+  sec_to_gc  
+ ------------
+  1000.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(10000)::numeric(20,5);
+   sec_to_gc  
+ -------------
+  10000.00102
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(100000)::numeric(20,5);
+   sec_to_gc   
+ --------------
+  100001.02426
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select sec_to_gc(1000000)::numeric(20,5);
+    sec_to_gc   
+ ---------------
+  1001027.07131
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Convert great circle distances to straight line distances.
+ --
+ select gc_to_sec(0)::numeric(20,5);
+  gc_to_sec 
+ -----------
+    0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(sec_to_gc(2*earth()))::numeric(20,5);
+    gc_to_sec    
+ ----------------
+  12756336.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(10*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+    gc_to_sec    
+ ----------------
+  12756336.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(pi()*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+    gc_to_sec    
+ ----------------
+  12756336.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(-1000)::numeric(20,5);
+  gc_to_sec 
+ -----------
+    0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(1000)::numeric(20,5);
+  gc_to_sec  
+ ------------
+  1000.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(10000)::numeric(20,5);
+  gc_to_sec  
+ ------------
+  9999.99898
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(100000)::numeric(20,5);
+   gc_to_sec  
+ -------------
+  99998.97577
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(1000000)::numeric(20,5);
+   gc_to_sec   
+ --------------
+  998976.08618
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Set coordinates using latitude and longitude.
+ -- Extract each coordinate separately so we can round them.
+ --
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,0),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,0),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,0),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ---------------+---------------+---------------
+  6378168.00000 |       0.00000 |       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(360,360),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(360,360),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(360,360),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ---------------+---------------+---------------
+  6378168.00000 |       0.00000 |       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ---------------+---------------+---------------
+  6378168.00000 |       0.00000 |       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,360),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,360),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,360),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord  | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ----------------+---------------+---------------
+  -6378168.00000 |       0.00000 |       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-180,-360),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-180,-360),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-180,-360),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord  | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ----------------+---------------+---------------
+  -6378168.00000 |       0.00000 |       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord  | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ----------------+---------------+---------------
+  -6378168.00000 |       0.00000 |       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,-180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,-180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,-180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord  | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ----------------+---------------+---------------
+  -6378168.00000 |       0.00000 |       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,0),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,0),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,0),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ---------------+---------------+---------------
+        0.00000 |       0.00000 | 6378168.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord 
+ ---------------+---------------+---------------
+        0.00000 |       0.00000 | 6378168.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,0),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,0),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,0),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord  
+ ---------------+---------------+----------------
+        0.00000 |       0.00000 | -6378168.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord  
+ ---------------+---------------+----------------
+        0.00000 |       0.00000 | -6378168.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the latitude of a location.
+ --
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,0))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    latitude    
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -45.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+     latitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the longitude of a location.
+ --
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,0))::numeric(20,10);
+   longitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+   longitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+   longitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+   longitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+   longitude   
+ --------------
+  0.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude   
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude   
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude   
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude   
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude   
+ ---------------
+  90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  180.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  180.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  180.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  180.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  180.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+    longitude    
+ ----------------
+  -90.0000000000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- For the distance tests the following is some real life data.
+ --
+ -- Chicago has a latitude of 41.8 and a longitude of 87.6.
+ -- Albuquerque has a latitude of 35.1 and a longitude of 106.7.
+ -- (Note that latitude and longitude are specified differently
+ -- in the cube based functions than for the point based functions.)
+ --
+ --
+ -- Test getting the distance between two points using earth_distance.
+ --
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+         0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,180))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+  20037605.73216
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(90,0))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+  10018802.86608
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,90))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+  10018802.86608
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,1))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+    111320.03185
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(1,0))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+    111320.03185
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(30,0),ll_to_earth(30,1))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+     96405.66962
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(30,0),ll_to_earth(31,0))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+    111320.03185
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(60,0),ll_to_earth(60,1))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+     55659.48608
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(60,0),ll_to_earth(61,0))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+    111320.03185
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(41.8,87.6),ll_to_earth(35.1,106.7))::numeric(20,5);
+  earth_distance 
+ ----------------
+   1819303.21265
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select (earth_distance(ll_to_earth(41.8,87.6),ll_to_earth(35.1,106.7))*
+       100./2.54/12./5280.)::numeric(20,5);
+   numeric   
+ ------------
+  1130.46261
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the distance between two points using geo_distance.
+ --
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(0,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+       0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(180,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+   12436.77274
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(0,90)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+    6218.38637
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(90,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+    6218.38637
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(1,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+      69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(0,1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+      69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,30)'::point,'(1,30)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+      59.83626
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,30)'::point,'(0,31)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+      69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,60)'::point,'(1,60)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+      34.54626
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,60)'::point,'(0,61)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+      69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(87.6,41.8)'::point,'(106.7,35.1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  geo_distance 
+ --------------
+    1129.18983
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select (geo_distance('(87.6,41.8)'::point,'(106.7,35.1)'::point)*5280.*12.*2.54/100.)::numeric(20,5);
+     numeric    
+ ---------------
+  1817254.87730
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the distance between two points using the <@> operator.
+ --
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(0,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  numeric 
+ ---------
+  0.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(180,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+    numeric   
+ -------------
+  12436.77274
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(0,90)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+   numeric   
+ ------------
+  6218.38637
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(90,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+   numeric   
+ ------------
+  6218.38637
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(1,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  numeric  
+ ----------
+  69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(0,1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  numeric  
+ ----------
+  69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,30)'::point <@> '(1,30)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  numeric  
+ ----------
+  59.83626
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,30)'::point <@> '(0,31)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  numeric  
+ ----------
+  69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,60)'::point <@> '(1,60)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  numeric  
+ ----------
+  34.54626
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(0,60)'::point <@> '(0,61)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+  numeric  
+ ----------
+  69.09318
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select ('(87.6,41.8)'::point <@> '(106.7,35.1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+   numeric   
+ ------------
+  1129.18983
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select (('(87.6,41.8)'::point <@> '(106.7,35.1)'::point)*5280.*12.*2.54/100.)::numeric(20,5);
+     numeric    
+ ---------------
+  1817254.87730
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting a bounding box around points.
+ --
+ select cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),3)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ll_coord | cube_ur_coord | cube_ur_coord | cube_ur_coord 
+ ---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------
+  6266169.43896 | -111998.56104 | -111998.56104 | 6490166.56104 |  111998.56104 |  111998.56104
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord  |  cube_ll_coord  |  cube_ll_coord  | cube_ur_coord  | cube_ur_coord  | cube_ur_coord  
+ ----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------
+  -6378168.00000 | -12756336.00000 | -12756336.00000 | 19134504.00000 | 12756336.00000 | 12756336.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5);
+  cube_ll_coord  |  cube_ll_coord  |  cube_ll_coord  | cube_ur_coord  | cube_ur_coord  | cube_ur_coord  
+ ----------------+-----------------+-----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------
+  -6378168.00000 | -12756336.00000 | -12756336.00000 | 19134504.00000 | 12756336.00000 | 12756336.00000
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test for points that should be in bounding boxes.
+ --
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,1))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,1);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.1))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.1);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.01))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.01);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(45,45),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(45,45),ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(90,180),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(90,180),ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test for points that shouldn't be in bounding boxes. Note that we need
+ -- to make points way outside, since some points close may be in the box
+ -- but further away than the distance we are testing.
+ --
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,1))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,1);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.1))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.1);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.01))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.01);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(45,45),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(45,45),ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(90,180),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(90,180),ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001);
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  f
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test the recommended constraints.
+ --
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(0,0));
+ ERROR:  Function is_point(earth) does not exist
+ 	Unable to identify a function that satisfies the given argument types
+ 	You may need to add explicit typecasts
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(0,0)) <= 3;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(30,60));
+ ERROR:  Function is_point(earth) does not exist
+ 	Unable to identify a function that satisfies the given argument types
+ 	You may need to add explicit typecasts
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(30,60)) <= 3;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(30,60), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(60,90));
+ ERROR:  Function is_point(earth) does not exist
+ 	Unable to identify a function that satisfies the given argument types
+ 	You may need to add explicit typecasts
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(60,90)) <= 3;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(60,90), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(-30,-90));
+ ERROR:  Function is_point(earth) does not exist
+ 	Unable to identify a function that satisfies the given argument types
+ 	You may need to add explicit typecasts
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(-30,-90)) <= 3;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(-30,-90), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;
+  ?column? 
+ ----------
+  t
+ (1 row)
+ 
diff -c -r -N --exclude=CVS /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/sql/earthdistance.sql earthdistance/sql/earthdistance.sql
*** /usr/local/src/postgres-cvs/contrib/earthdistance/sql/earthdistance.sql	Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 1969
--- earthdistance/sql/earthdistance.sql	Mon Sep  9 18:04:38 2002
***************
*** 0 ****
--- 1,299 ----
+ --
+ --  Test earth distance functions
+ --
+ 
+ --
+ -- first, define the datatype.  Turn off echoing so that expected file
+ -- does not depend on contents of earthdistance.sql or cube.sql.
+ --
+ \set ECHO none
+ \i ../cube/cube.sql
+ \i earthdistance.sql
+ \set ECHO all
+ 
+ --
+ -- The radius of the Earth we are using.
+ --
+ 
+ select earth()::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Convert straight line distances to great circle distances.
+ --
+ select (pi()*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(0)::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(2*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(10*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(-earth())::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(1000)::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(10000)::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(100000)::numeric(20,5);
+ select sec_to_gc(1000000)::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Convert great circle distances to straight line distances.
+ --
+ 
+ select gc_to_sec(0)::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(sec_to_gc(2*earth()))::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(10*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(pi()*earth())::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(-1000)::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(1000)::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(10000)::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(100000)::numeric(20,5);
+ select gc_to_sec(1000000)::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Set coordinates using latitude and longitude.
+ -- Extract each coordinate separately so we can round them.
+ --
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,0),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,0),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,0),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(360,360),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(360,360),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(360,360),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,360),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,360),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(180,360),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-180,-360),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-180,-360),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-180,-360),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,-180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,-180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(0,-180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,0),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,0),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,0),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(90,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,0),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,0),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,0),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,180),1)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,180),2)::numeric(20,5),
+  cube_ll_coord(ll_to_earth(-90,180),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the latitude of a location.
+ --
+ 
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(0,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select latitude(ll_to_earth(-90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the longitude of a location.
+ --
+ 
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,0))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,180))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(0,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-45,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ select longitude(ll_to_earth(-90,-90))::numeric(20,10);
+ 
+ --
+ -- For the distance tests the following is some real life data.
+ --
+ -- Chicago has a latitude of 41.8 and a longitude of 87.6.
+ -- Albuquerque has a latitude of 35.1 and a longitude of 106.7.
+ -- (Note that latitude and longitude are specified differently
+ -- in the cube based functions than for the point based functions.)
+ --
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the distance between two points using earth_distance.
+ --
+ 
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,180))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(90,0))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,90))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,1))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(1,0))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(30,0),ll_to_earth(30,1))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(30,0),ll_to_earth(31,0))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(60,0),ll_to_earth(60,1))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(60,0),ll_to_earth(61,0))::numeric(20,5);
+ select earth_distance(ll_to_earth(41.8,87.6),ll_to_earth(35.1,106.7))::numeric(20,5);
+ select (earth_distance(ll_to_earth(41.8,87.6),ll_to_earth(35.1,106.7))*
+       100./2.54/12./5280.)::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the distance between two points using geo_distance.
+ --
+ 
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(0,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(180,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(0,90)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(90,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(1,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,0)'::point,'(0,1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,30)'::point,'(1,30)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,30)'::point,'(0,31)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,60)'::point,'(1,60)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(0,60)'::point,'(0,61)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select geo_distance('(87.6,41.8)'::point,'(106.7,35.1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select (geo_distance('(87.6,41.8)'::point,'(106.7,35.1)'::point)*5280.*12.*2.54/100.)::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting the distance between two points using the <@> operator.
+ --
+ 
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(0,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(180,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(0,90)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(90,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(1,0)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,0)'::point <@> '(0,1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,30)'::point <@> '(1,30)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,30)'::point <@> '(0,31)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,60)'::point <@> '(1,60)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(0,60)'::point <@> '(0,61)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select ('(87.6,41.8)'::point <@> '(106.7,35.1)'::point)::numeric(20,5);
+ select (('(87.6,41.8)'::point <@> '(106.7,35.1)'::point)*5280.*12.*2.54/100.)::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test getting a bounding box around points.
+ --
+ 
+ select cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),3)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),112000),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),pi()*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ select cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ll_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),1)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),2)::numeric(20,5),
+        cube_ur_coord(earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),10*earth()),3)::numeric(20,5);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test for points that should be in bounding boxes.
+ --
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,1))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,1);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.1))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.1);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.01))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.01);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.0001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(45,45),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(45,45),ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(90,180),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(90,180),ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001))*1.00001) @
+        ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test for points that shouldn't be in bounding boxes. Note that we need
+ -- to make points way outside, since some points close may be in the box
+ -- but further away than the distance we are testing.
+ --
+ 
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,1))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,1);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.1))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.1);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.01))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.01);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0,0.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0,0.0001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(0,0),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0),ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(0.0001,0.0001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(45,45),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(45,45),ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(45.0001,45.0001);
+ select earth_box(ll_to_earth(90,180),
+        earth_distance(ll_to_earth(90,180),ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001))*.57735) @
+        ll_to_earth(90.0001,180.0001);
+ 
+ --
+ -- Test the recommended constraints.
+ --
+ 
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(0,0));
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(0,0)) <= 3;
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(0,0), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(30,60));
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(30,60)) <= 3;
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(30,60), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(60,90));
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(60,90)) <= 3;
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(60,90), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;
+ select is_point(ll_to_earth(-30,-90));
+ select cube_dim(ll_to_earth(-30,-90)) <= 3;
+ select abs(cube_distance(ll_to_earth(-30,-90), '(0)'::cube) / earth() - 1) <
+        '10e-12'::float8;