diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml index 97ef618..ce02af9 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/catalogs.sgml @@ -214,6 +214,16 @@ + pg_partition + information about partitions, including partition boundary + + + + pg_partitioned_rel + information about partitioned tables, including the partition key + + + pg_pltemplate template data for procedural languages @@ -4629,6 +4639,161 @@ + + <structname>pg_partition</structname> + + + pg_partition + + + + The catalog pg_partition stores + information about partitions of partitioned tables. + + + + <structname>pg_partition</> Columns + + + + + Name + Type + References + Description + + + + + + + partrelid + oid + pg_class.oid + The OID of the pg_class entry for this partition + + + + partparent + oid + pg_class.oid + The OID of the partitioned table this partition is part of + + + + partlistvals + anyarray + + For partitions of a list partitioned table, list of values assigned to this partition + + + + partrangemaxs + anyarray + + For partitions of a range partitioned table, array of maximum values per partition key column + + + + +
+ + + + + <structname>pg_partitioned_rel</structname> + + + pg_partitioned_rel + + + + The catalog pg_partitioned stores + information about partition key of partitioned tables. + + + + <structname>pg_partitioned_rel</> Columns + + + + + Name + Type + References + Description + + + + + + + partrelid + oid + pg_class.oid + The OID of the pg_class entry for this partitioned table + + + + partstrat + char + + + Partitioning strategy (method); l = list partitioned table, + r = range partitioned table + + + + + partnatts + int2 + + The number of columns in partition key + + + + partkey + int2vector + pg_attribute.attnum + + This is an array of partnatts values that + correspond to table columns used as partition key. For example, a value + of 1 3 would mean that the first and the third table + columns make up the partition key. A zero in this array indicates that the + corresponding partition key column is an expression over the table columns, + rather than a simple column reference. + + + + + partclass + oidvector + pg_opclass.oid + + For each column in the partition key, this contains the OID of + the operator class to use. See + pg_opclass for details. + + + + + partexprs + pg_node_tree + + + Expression trees (in nodeToString() + representation) for partition key columns that are not simple column + references. This is a list with one element for each zero + entry in partkey. Null if all partition key columns + are simple references. + + + + + +
+ + <structname>pg_pltemplate</structname> diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml index aca40f5..07b3000 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/alter_table.sgml @@ -77,12 +77,23 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE name NOT OF OWNER TO { new_owner | CURRENT_USER | SESSION_USER } REPLICA IDENTITY { DEFAULT | USING INDEX index_name | FULL | NOTHING } + ATTACH PARTITION partition_name FOR VALUES { list_partition_values | range_partition_values } USING [ TABLE ] table_name + DETACH PARTITION partition_name [ USING [ TABLE ] table_name ] and table_constraint_using_index is: [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] { UNIQUE | PRIMARY KEY } USING INDEX index_name [ DEFERRABLE | NOT DEFERRABLE ] [ INITIALLY DEFERRED | INITIALLY IMMEDIATE ] + +and list_partition_values is: + +[ IN ] ( { expression } [, ...] ) + +and range_partition_values is: + +LESS THAN ( { expression } [, ...] ) + @@ -704,6 +715,32 @@ ALTER TABLE ALL IN TABLESPACE name + + ATTACH PARTITION partition_name FOR VALUES { list_partition_values | range_partition_values } USING [ TABLE ] table_name + + + This form attaches a table as partition of the target table (presumably + partitioned.) To be attached as a partition, the source table must + already contain all the same columns as the parent. The columns must + have matching data types, and if they have NOT NULL + constraints in the target table then they must also have + NOT NULL constraints in the source table. The table is renamed + to the specified partition name. [Note: this command is currently + unimplemented.] + + + + + + DETACH PARTITION partition_name [ USING [ TABLE ] table_name ] + + + This form detaches a partition from the target table (presumably + partitioned.) The resulting table can optionally have a different + name after being detached. + + + diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml index a2d0b0c..2fa7bc8 100644 --- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml +++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/create_table.sgml @@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI [, ... ] ] ) [ INHERITS ( parent_table [, ... ] ) ] +[ PARTITION BY {RANGE | LIST} ON ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [, ...] )] [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) | WITH OIDS | WITHOUT OIDS ] [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] @@ -42,6 +43,13 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI [ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] [ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] +CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXISTS ] table_name + PARTITION OF table_name + FOR VALUES { list_partition_values | range_partition_values } +[ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ] +[ ON COMMIT { PRESERVE ROWS | DELETE ROWS | DROP } ] +[ TABLESPACE tablespace_name ] + where column_constraint is: [ CONSTRAINT constraint_name ] @@ -70,6 +78,14 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI { INCLUDING | EXCLUDING } { DEFAULTS | CONSTRAINTS | INDEXES | STORAGE | COMMENTS | ALL } +and list_partition_values is: + +[ IN ] ( { expression } [, ...] ) + +and range_partition_values is: + +LESS THAN ( { expression } [, ...] ) + index_parameters in UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, and EXCLUDE constraints are: [ WITH ( storage_parameter [= value] [, ... ] ) ] @@ -230,6 +246,40 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI + PARTITION OF table_name FOR VALUES { list_partition_values | range_partition_values } + + + Creates the table as a partition of the + specified partitioned table. + + + + When a table is created as partition, the data types of the + columns, constraints are determined by the underlying partitioned + table and are not specified by the CREATE TABLE + command nor can they be added or altered after the fact using + ALTER TABLE. But the CREATE TABLE command + command can specify table storage parameters and tablespace for the + partition (and can be altered after the fact). The + FOR VALUES specification describes partition bounds, + that is, either a list of values or of maximum values of partition + key columns for list partitions and range partitions, respectively. + + + + Care must be taken to specify correct values for the bounds. + Specifying bounds such that new partition overlaps with some existing + partition results in error. Rules for whether such overlaps occurs + are different based on the partitioning method used. For list + bounds, make sure that the new partition's list of values does + not contain any values already present in some existing partition's + list. For range bounds, make sure that the new partition's rangemax + value is greater than the last existing partition's rangemax. + + + + + column_name @@ -314,6 +364,32 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI + PARTITION BY {RANGE | LIST} ON ( { column_name | ( expression ) } [ opclass ] [, ...] ) + + + The optional PARTITION BY clause specifies a list + of columns (or expressions) to use as the partition key of table. + Currently, LIST and RANGE can be specified + as the partitioning method. Such a table (hereafter referred to as + partitioned table) is divided into sub-tables called partitions which + are created after the fact. + + + + Scanning a partitioned table results in scanning its partitions + and appending the results. Rows inserted into a partitioned table + are mapped to and stored in a partition based on values of partition + key columns unless an appropriate partition has not been defined yet. + + + + There are currently a number of limitations on constraints that + can be defined on partitioned tables as detailed elsewhere. + + + + + LIKE source_table [ like_option ... ] @@ -498,6 +574,10 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI primary key constraint defined for the table. (Otherwise it would just be the same constraint listed twice.) + + + UNIQUE constraints are not supported on partitioned tables at the moment. + @@ -526,6 +606,10 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI different from other sets of columns named by any unique constraint defined for the same table. + + + Primary key constraints are not supported on partitioned tables at the moment. + @@ -576,6 +660,10 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI exclusion constraint on a subset of the table; internally this creates a partial index. Note that parentheses are required around the predicate. + + + Exclusion constraints are not supported on partitioned tables at the moment. + @@ -699,6 +787,10 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI associated with the foreign key constraint can be performed more efficiently. + + + Partitioned tables cannot use the REFERENCES clause at the moment. + @@ -1119,7 +1211,9 @@ CREATE [ [ GLOBAL | LOCAL ] { TEMPORARY | TEMP } | UNLOGGED ] TABLE [ IF NOT EXI Unique constraints and primary keys are not inherited in the current implementation. This makes the combination of - inheritance and unique constraints rather dysfunctional. + inheritance and unique constraints rather dysfunctional. As + noted before, they cannot be used with partitioned tables + either. @@ -1341,6 +1435,76 @@ CREATE TABLE employees OF employee_type ( salary WITH OPTIONS DEFAULT 1000 ); + + + Create a range partitioned table and partitions: + +CREATE TABLE employee ( + name text, + age int NOT NULL +) +PARTITION BY RANGE ON (age); + +CREATE TABLE employees_less_than_30 + PARTITION OF employee + FOR VALUES LESS THAN (30) + WITH (fillfactor=70) + TABLESPACE diskvol1; + +CREATE TABLE employees_between_30_and_40 + PARTITION OF employee + FOR VALUES LESS THAN (40) + WITH (fillfactor=70) + TABLESPACE diskvol2; + + + + Create a list partitioned table and partitions: + +CREATE TABLE store ( + id int, + city text NOT NULL +) +PARTITION BY LIST ON (city); + +CREATE TABLE store_east + PARTITION OF store + FOR VALUES IN ('New York', 'Boston'); + +CREATE TABLE store_west + PARTITION OF store + FOR VALUES ('San Fransisco', 'Seattle'); + + + + Create a multi-column range partitioned table and partitions: + +CREATE TABLE sales ( + tos timestamp NOT NULL, + item text +) +PARTITION BY RANGE ON (extract(year from tos), extract(month from tos)); + +CREATE TABLE sales_before_2015 + PARTITION OF sales + FOR VALUES LESS THAN (2015, 1); + +CREATE TABLE sales_2015_q1 + PARTITION OF sales + FOR VALUES LESS THAN (2015, 4); + +CREATE TABLE sales_2015_q2 + PARTITION OF sales + FOR VALUES LESS THAN (2015, 7); + +CREATE TABLE sales_2015_q3 + PARTITION OF sales + FOR VALUES LESS THAN (2015, 10); + +CREATE TABLE sales_2015_q4 + PARTITION OF sales + FOR VALUES LESS THAN (2016, 1); + @@ -1511,6 +1675,16 @@ CREATE TABLE employees OF employee_type ( effect can be had using the OID feature. + + + Partitioned Tables + + + PARTITION BY and PARTITION OF (including + FOR VALUES) are PostgreSQL + extensions. + +