From 942f374a4383502cbb66d0d83f0ba317962a9a24 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Jeff Davis <jeff@j-davis.com>
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2026 14:58:47 -0700
Subject: [PATCH v3 4/4] unicode_case.c: use new utf8encode/utf8decode APIs.

Reviewed-by: Chao Li <li.evan.chao@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/c355354e6c3f4a7aafb047361b73db247260fca0.camel@j-davis.com
---
 src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale_builtin.c | 17 +++---
 src/common/unicode/case_test.c            |  2 +-
 src/common/unicode_case.c                 | 70 +++++++++++------------
 3 files changed, 44 insertions(+), 45 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale_builtin.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale_builtin.c
index 96da9c6fcf3..a826ec1cfa8 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale_builtin.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/pg_locale_builtin.c
@@ -62,25 +62,26 @@ initcap_wbnext(void *state)
 
 	while (wbstate->offset < wbstate->len)
 	{
-		int			ulen = pg_utf_mblen((const unsigned char *) wbstate->str +
-										wbstate->offset);
+		int			ulen;
 		char32_t	u;
 		bool		curr_alnum;
+		size_t		prev_offset = wbstate->offset;
 
-		if (wbstate->offset + ulen > wbstate->len)
+		ulen = utf8decode(&u, (const unsigned char *) wbstate->str + wbstate->offset,
+						  wbstate->len - wbstate->offset);
+
+		/* invalid UTF8 */
+		if (ulen <= 0)
 		{
+			wbstate->init = true;
 			wbstate->offset = wbstate->len;
-			return wbstate->len;
+			return prev_offset;
 		}
 
-		u = utf8_to_unicode((const unsigned char *) wbstate->str +
-							wbstate->offset);
 		curr_alnum = pg_u_isalnum(u, wbstate->posix);
 
 		if (!wbstate->init || curr_alnum != wbstate->prev_alnum)
 		{
-			size_t		prev_offset = wbstate->offset;
-
 			wbstate->init = true;
 			wbstate->offset += ulen;
 			wbstate->prev_alnum = curr_alnum;
diff --git a/src/common/unicode/case_test.c b/src/common/unicode/case_test.c
index ae0f86ffa0c..71a6f2bbe70 100644
--- a/src/common/unicode/case_test.c
+++ b/src/common/unicode/case_test.c
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ test_icu(void)
 	{
 		pg_unicode_category category = unicode_category(code);
 
-		if (category != PG_U_UNASSIGNED)
+		if (category != PG_U_UNASSIGNED && category != PG_U_SURROGATE)
 		{
 			uint8_t		icu_category = u_charType(code);
 			char		code_str[5] = {0};
diff --git a/src/common/unicode_case.c b/src/common/unicode_case.c
index 4a692cfa249..d89f5ca4740 100644
--- a/src/common/unicode_case.c
+++ b/src/common/unicode_case.c
@@ -194,22 +194,6 @@ unicode_strfold(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, size_t srclen,
 						NULL, NULL);
 }
 
-/* local version of pg_utf_mblen() to be inlinable */
-static int
-utf8_mblen(const unsigned char *s)
-{
-	if ((*s & 0x80) == 0)
-		return 1;
-	else if ((*s & 0xe0) == 0xc0)
-		return 2;
-	else if ((*s & 0xf0) == 0xe0)
-		return 3;
-	else if ((*s & 0xf8) == 0xf0)
-		return 4;
-	else
-		return -1;
-}
-
 /*
  * Implement Unicode Default Case Conversion algorithm.
  *
@@ -248,18 +232,19 @@ convert_case(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, size_t srclen,
 
 	while (srcoff < srclen)
 	{
-		int			u1len = utf8_mblen((const unsigned char *) src + srcoff);
 		char32_t	u1;
+		int			u1len;
 		char32_t	simple = 0;
 		const char32_t *special = NULL;
 		enum CaseMapResult casemap_result;
 
+		u1len = utf8decode(&u1, (const unsigned char *) src + srcoff,
+						   srclen - srcoff);
+
 		/* invalid UTF8 */
-		if (u1len < 0 || srcoff + u1len > srclen)
+		if (u1len <= 0)
 			break;
 
-		u1 = utf8_to_unicode((const unsigned char *) src + srcoff);
-
 		if (str_casekind == CaseTitle)
 		{
 			if (srcoff == boundary)
@@ -280,6 +265,7 @@ convert_case(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, size_t srclen,
 				/* no mapping; copy bytes from src */
 				Assert(simple == 0);
 				Assert(special == NULL);
+
 				if (result_len + u1len <= dstsize)
 					memcpy(dst + result_len, src + srcoff, u1len);
 
@@ -289,11 +275,18 @@ convert_case(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, size_t srclen,
 				{
 					/* replace with single character */
 					char32_t	u2 = simple;
-					char32_t	u2len = unicode_utf8len(u2);
+					int			u2len;
+					size_t		remaining = 0;
+					unsigned char *p = NULL;
+
+					if (dstsize > result_len)
+					{
+						remaining = dstsize - result_len;
+						p = (unsigned char *) dst + result_len;
+					}
 
 					Assert(special == NULL);
-					if (result_len + u2len <= dstsize)
-						unicode_to_utf8(u2, (unsigned char *) dst + result_len);
+					u2len = utf8encode(p, remaining, u2);
 
 					result_len += u2len;
 				}
@@ -304,10 +297,17 @@ convert_case(char *dst, size_t dstsize, const char *src, size_t srclen,
 				for (int i = 0; i < MAX_CASE_EXPANSION && special[i]; i++)
 				{
 					char32_t	u2 = special[i];
-					size_t		u2len = unicode_utf8len(u2);
+					int			u2len;
+					size_t		remaining = 0;
+					unsigned char *p = NULL;
 
-					if (result_len + u2len <= dstsize)
-						unicode_to_utf8(u2, (unsigned char *) dst + result_len);
+					if (dstsize > result_len)
+					{
+						remaining = dstsize - result_len;
+						p = (unsigned char *) dst + result_len;
+					}
+
+					u2len = utf8encode(p, remaining, u2);
 
 					result_len += u2len;
 				}
@@ -344,15 +344,15 @@ check_final_sigma(const unsigned char *str, size_t len, size_t offset)
 	{
 		if ((str[i] & 0x80) == 0 || (str[i] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
 		{
-			int			u1len = utf8_mblen((const unsigned char *) str + i);
+			int			u1len;
 			char32_t	curr;
 
+			u1len = utf8decode(&curr, (const unsigned char *) str + i, len - i);
+
 			/* invalid UTF8 */
-			if (u1len < 0 || i + u1len > len)
+			if (u1len <= 0)
 				return false;
 
-			curr = utf8_to_unicode(str + i);
-
 			if (pg_u_prop_case_ignorable(curr))
 				continue;
 			else if (pg_u_prop_cased(curr))
@@ -373,15 +373,15 @@ check_final_sigma(const unsigned char *str, size_t len, size_t offset)
 	{
 		if ((str[i] & 0x80) == 0 || (str[i] & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
 		{
-			int			u1len = utf8_mblen((const unsigned char *) str + i);
+			int			u1len;
 			char32_t	curr;
 
+			u1len = utf8decode(&curr, (const unsigned char *) str + i, len - i);
+
 			/* invalid UTF8 */
-			if (u1len < 0 || i + u1len > len)
+			if (u1len <= 0)
 				return false;
 
-			curr = utf8_to_unicode(str + i);
-
 			if (pg_u_prop_case_ignorable(curr))
 				continue;
 			else if (pg_u_prop_cased(curr))
@@ -391,8 +391,6 @@ check_final_sigma(const unsigned char *str, size_t len, size_t offset)
 		}
 		else if ((str[i] & 0xC0) == 0x80)
 			continue;
-
-		Assert(false);			/* invalid UTF-8 */
 	}
 
 	return true;
-- 
2.43.0

