From 04bd29f1b790b63039cebfef555dce6b081d976f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 9 Aug 2025 14:22:36 +0000
Subject: [PATCH v1 02/10] Adding the pg_stat_backend view

This view displays one row per server process, showing statistics related to
the current activity of that process. It currently displays the pid, the
number of sequential scans initiated on tables and the
time at which these statistics were last reset.

It's built on top of a new function (pg_stat_get_backend_statistics()). The idea
is the same as pg_stat_activity and pg_stat_get_activity().

Adding documentation and tests.

XXX: Bump catversion
---
 doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml         | 95 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql |  7 ++
 src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c  | 55 ++++++++++++++++
 src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat      |  9 +++
 src/test/regress/expected/rules.out  |  4 ++
 src/test/regress/expected/stats.out  | 10 +++
 src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql       |  8 +++
 7 files changed, 188 insertions(+)
  50.8% doc/src/sgml/
  26.9% src/backend/utils/adt/
   8.0% src/include/catalog/
   7.1% src/test/regress/expected/
   4.0% src/test/regress/sql/

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
index 3f4a27a736e..6868af55db4 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/monitoring.sgml
@@ -320,6 +320,19 @@ postgres   27093  0.0  0.0  30096  2752 ?        Ss   11:34   0:00 postgres: ser
       </entry>
      </row>
 
+     <row>
+      <entry>
+       <structname>pg_stat_backend</structname>
+       <indexterm><primary>pg_stat_backend</primary></indexterm>
+      </entry>
+      <entry>
+       One row per server process, showing statistics related to
+       the current activity of that process, such as number of sequential scans.
+       See <link linkend="monitoring-pg-stat-backend-view">
+       <structname>pg_stat_backend</structname></link> for details.
+      </entry>
+     </row>
+
      <row>
       <entry><structname>pg_stat_replication</structname><indexterm><primary>pg_stat_replication</primary></indexterm></entry>
       <entry>One row per WAL sender process, showing statistics about
@@ -1172,6 +1185,72 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
    </note>
  </sect2>
 
+ <sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-backend-view">
+  <title><structname>pg_stat_backend</structname></title>
+
+  <indexterm>
+   <primary>pg_stat_backend</primary>
+  </indexterm>
+
+  <para>
+   The <structname>pg_stat_backend</structname> view will have one row
+   per server process, showing statistics related to
+   the current activity of that process.
+  </para>
+
+  <table id="pg-stat-backend-view" xreflabel="pg_stat_backend">
+   <title><structname>pg_stat_backend</structname> View</title>
+   <tgroup cols="1">
+    <thead>
+     <row>
+      <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+       Column Type
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Description
+      </para></entry>
+     </row>
+    </thead>
+
+    <tbody>
+     <row>
+      <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+       <structfield>pid</structfield> <type>integer</type>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       Process ID of this backend
+      </para></entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+       <structfield>seq_scan</structfield> <type>bigint</type>
+      </para>
+      <para>
+       The number of sequential scans initiated on tables.
+      </para></entry>
+     </row>
+
+     <row>
+      <entry role="catalog_table_entry"><para role="column_definition">
+        <structfield>stats_reset</structfield> <type>timestamp with time zone</type>
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Time at which these statistics were last reset
+       </para></entry>
+     </row>
+    </tbody>
+   </tgroup>
+  </table>
+
+  <note>
+   <para>
+    The view does not return statistics for the checkpointer,
+    the background writer, the startup process and the autovacuum launcher.
+   </para>
+  </note>
+ </sect2>
+
  <sect2 id="monitoring-pg-stat-replication-view">
   <title><structname>pg_stat_replication</structname></title>
 
@@ -4921,6 +5000,22 @@ description | Waiting for a newly initialized WAL file to reach durable storage
        </para></entry>
       </row>
 
+      <row>
+       <entry role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
+        <indexterm>
+         <primary>pg_stat_get_backend_statistics</primary>
+        </indexterm>
+        <function>pg_stat_get_backend_statistics</function> ( <type>integer</type> )
+        <returnvalue>setof record</returnvalue>
+       </para>
+       <para>
+        Returns a record of statistics bout the backend with the specified
+        process ID, or one record for each active backend in the system
+        if <literal>NULL</literal> is specified.  The fields returned are a
+        subset of those in the <structname>pg_stat_backend</structname> view.
+       </para></entry>
+      </row>
+
       <row>
        <entry id="pg-stat-get-backend-wal" role="func_table_entry"><para role="func_signature">
         <indexterm>
diff --git a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
index 1b3c5a55882..3ab7802cc5c 100644
--- a/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
+++ b/src/backend/catalog/system_views.sql
@@ -911,6 +911,13 @@ CREATE VIEW pg_stat_activity AS
         LEFT JOIN pg_database AS D ON (S.datid = D.oid)
         LEFT JOIN pg_authid AS U ON (S.usesysid = U.oid);
 
+CREATE VIEW pg_stat_backend AS
+    SELECT
+            S.pid,
+            S.seq_scan,
+            S.stats_reset
+    FROM pg_stat_get_backend_statistics(NULL) AS S;
+
 CREATE VIEW pg_stat_replication AS
     SELECT
             S.pid,
diff --git a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
index c756c2bebaa..2adfbdcb65c 100644
--- a/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
+++ b/src/backend/utils/adt/pgstatfuncs.c
@@ -685,6 +685,61 @@ pg_stat_get_activity(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
 	return (Datum) 0;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Returns statistics of PG backends.
+ */
+Datum
+pg_stat_get_backend_statistics(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
+{
+#define PG_STAT_GET_BACKEND_STATS_COLS	3
+	int			num_backends = pgstat_fetch_stat_numbackends();
+	int			curr_backend;
+	int			pid = PG_ARGISNULL(0) ? -1 : PG_GETARG_INT32(0);
+	ReturnSetInfo *rsinfo = (ReturnSetInfo *) fcinfo->resultinfo;
+
+	InitMaterializedSRF(fcinfo, 0);
+
+	/* 1-based index */
+	for (curr_backend = 1; curr_backend <= num_backends; curr_backend++)
+	{
+		/* for each row */
+		Datum		values[PG_STAT_GET_BACKEND_STATS_COLS] = {0};
+		bool		nulls[PG_STAT_GET_BACKEND_STATS_COLS] = {0};
+		LocalPgBackendStatus *local_beentry;
+		PgBackendStatus *beentry;
+		PgStat_Backend *backend_stats;
+
+		/* Get the next one in the list */
+		local_beentry = pgstat_get_local_beentry_by_index(curr_backend);
+		beentry = &local_beentry->backendStatus;
+
+		/* If looking for specific PID, ignore all the others */
+		if (pid != -1 && beentry->st_procpid != pid)
+			continue;
+
+		backend_stats = pgstat_fetch_stat_backend_by_pid(beentry->st_procpid, NULL);
+
+		values[0] = Int32GetDatum(beentry->st_procpid);
+
+		if (!backend_stats)
+			continue;
+
+		values[1] = Int64GetDatum(backend_stats->heap_scan);
+
+		if (backend_stats->stat_reset_timestamp != 0)
+			values[2] = TimestampTzGetDatum(backend_stats->stat_reset_timestamp);
+		else
+			nulls[2] = true;
+
+		tuplestore_putvalues(rsinfo->setResult, rsinfo->setDesc, values, nulls);
+
+		/* If only a single backend was requested, and we found it, break. */
+		if (pid != -1)
+			break;
+	}
+
+	return (Datum) 0;
+}
 
 Datum
 pg_backend_pid(PG_FUNCTION_ARGS)
diff --git a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
index 118d6da1ace..e87200374d8 100644
--- a/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
+++ b/src/include/catalog/pg_proc.dat
@@ -5641,6 +5641,15 @@
   proargmodes => '{i,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o,o}',
   proargnames => '{pid,datid,pid,usesysid,application_name,state,query,wait_event_type,wait_event,xact_start,query_start,backend_start,state_change,client_addr,client_hostname,client_port,backend_xid,backend_xmin,backend_type,ssl,sslversion,sslcipher,sslbits,ssl_client_dn,ssl_client_serial,ssl_issuer_dn,gss_auth,gss_princ,gss_enc,gss_delegation,leader_pid,query_id}',
   prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_activity' },
+{ oid => '9555',
+  descr => 'statistics: statistics about currently active backends',
+  proname => 'pg_stat_get_backend_statistics', prorows => '100', proisstrict => 'f',
+  proretset => 't', provolatile => 's', proparallel => 'r',
+  prorettype => 'record', proargtypes => 'int4',
+  proallargtypes => '{int4,int4,int8,timestamptz}',
+  proargmodes => '{i,o,o,o}',
+  proargnames => '{pid,pid,seq_scan,stats_reset}',
+  prosrc => 'pg_stat_get_backend_statistics' },
 { oid => '6318', descr => 'describe wait events',
   proname => 'pg_get_wait_events', procost => '10', prorows => '250',
   proretset => 't', provolatile => 'v', prorettype => 'record',
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
index 35e8aad7701..63f8f12b8a5 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/rules.out
@@ -1847,6 +1847,10 @@ pg_stat_archiver| SELECT archived_count,
     last_failed_time,
     stats_reset
    FROM pg_stat_get_archiver() s(archived_count, last_archived_wal, last_archived_time, failed_count, last_failed_wal, last_failed_time, stats_reset);
+pg_stat_backend| SELECT pid,
+    seq_scan,
+    stats_reset
+   FROM pg_stat_get_backend_statistics(NULL::integer) s(pid, seq_scan, stats_reset);
 pg_stat_bgwriter| SELECT pg_stat_get_bgwriter_buf_written_clean() AS buffers_clean,
     pg_stat_get_bgwriter_maxwritten_clean() AS maxwritten_clean,
     pg_stat_get_buf_alloc() AS buffers_alloc,
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out b/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
index 605f5070376..937bf4bfc5b 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/stats.out
@@ -118,6 +118,8 @@ SELECT t.seq_scan, t.seq_tup_read, t.idx_scan, t.idx_tup_fetch,
        pg_catalog.pg_statio_user_tables AS b
  WHERE t.relname='tenk2' AND b.relname='tenk2';
 COMMIT;
+SELECT seq_scan AS seq_scan_before
+  FROM pg_stat_backend WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() \gset
 -- test effects of TRUNCATE on n_live_tup/n_dead_tup counters
 CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test(id serial);
 CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test1(id serial, stuff text);
@@ -219,6 +221,14 @@ SELECT st.seq_scan >= pr.seq_scan + 1,
  t        | t        | t        | t
 (1 row)
 
+SELECT seq_scan AS seq_scan_after
+  FROM pg_stat_backend WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() \gset
+SELECT :seq_scan_after > :seq_scan_before;
+ ?column? 
+----------
+ t
+(1 row)
+
 SELECT st.heap_blks_read + st.heap_blks_hit >= pr.heap_blks + cl.relpages,
        st.idx_blks_read + st.idx_blks_hit >= pr.idx_blks + 1
   FROM pg_statio_user_tables AS st, pg_class AS cl, prevstats AS pr
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
index 54e72866344..b743352eadb 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/stats.sql
@@ -38,6 +38,9 @@ SELECT t.seq_scan, t.seq_tup_read, t.idx_scan, t.idx_tup_fetch,
  WHERE t.relname='tenk2' AND b.relname='tenk2';
 COMMIT;
 
+SELECT seq_scan AS seq_scan_before
+  FROM pg_stat_backend WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() \gset
+
 -- test effects of TRUNCATE on n_live_tup/n_dead_tup counters
 CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test(id serial);
 CREATE TABLE trunc_stats_test1(id serial, stuff text);
@@ -122,6 +125,11 @@ SELECT st.seq_scan >= pr.seq_scan + 1,
   FROM pg_stat_user_tables AS st, pg_class AS cl, prevstats AS pr
  WHERE st.relname='tenk2' AND cl.relname='tenk2';
 
+SELECT seq_scan AS seq_scan_after
+  FROM pg_stat_backend WHERE pid = pg_backend_pid() \gset
+
+SELECT :seq_scan_after > :seq_scan_before;
+
 SELECT st.heap_blks_read + st.heap_blks_hit >= pr.heap_blks + cl.relpages,
        st.idx_blks_read + st.idx_blks_hit >= pr.idx_blks + 1
   FROM pg_statio_user_tables AS st, pg_class AS cl, prevstats AS pr
-- 
2.34.1

