From f9c40e72c8e62ae7b364a82d26a0f73995ef5082 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "David G. Johnston" <David.G.Johnston@Gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 20 Dec 2024 08:40:47 -0700
Subject: [PATCH] doc: Commit performs rollback of aborted transactions

The Commit command handles an aborted transaction in the same
manner as the Rollback command.  This needs to be documented.
Add it to both the reference page as well mentioning the behavior
in the official material for introducting transactions - the tutorial.

In passing, make the description of the Commit reference page
self-contained by mentioning the 'and chain' behavior.
---
 doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml   | 18 +++++++++++++++---
 doc/src/sgml/ref/commit.sgml | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 48 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml
index 755c9f1485..b5cae2335c 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/advanced.sgml
@@ -149,7 +149,8 @@ DETAIL:  Key (city)=(Berkeley) is not present in table "cities".
     systems.  The essential point of a transaction is that it bundles
     multiple steps into a single, all-or-nothing operation.  The intermediate
     states between the steps are not visible to other concurrent transactions,
-    and if some failure occurs that prevents the transaction from completing,
+    and if <link linkend="tutorial-transactions-aborted">some failure</link>
+    occurs that prevents the transaction from completing,
     then none of the steps affect the database at all.
    </para>
 
@@ -218,7 +219,8 @@ UPDATE branches SET balance = balance + 100.00
    <para>
     In <productname>PostgreSQL</productname>, a transaction is set up by surrounding
     the SQL commands of the transaction with
-    <command>BEGIN</command> and <command>COMMIT</command> commands.  So our banking
+    <xref linkend="sql-begin"/> and 
+    <xref linkend="sql-commit"/> commands.  So our banking
     transaction would actually look like:
 
 <programlisting>
@@ -233,7 +235,7 @@ COMMIT;
    <para>
     If, partway through the transaction, we decide we do not want to
     commit (perhaps we just noticed that Alice's balance went negative),
-    we can issue the command <command>ROLLBACK</command> instead of
+    we can issue the command <xref linkend="sql-rollback"/> instead of
     <command>COMMIT</command>, and all our updates so far will be canceled.
    </para>
 
@@ -256,6 +258,16 @@ COMMIT;
     </para>
    </note>
 
+   <para id="tutorial-transactions-aborted">
+    When a failure does occur during a transaction it is not ended but instead
+    goes into an aborted state.  While in this state all commands except
+    <xref linkend="sql-commit"/> and <xref linkend="sql-rollback"/> are ignored and,
+    importantly, both those commands behave identically - they roll-back and close
+    the current transaction and return the session to a state where new commands can
+    be issued.  They will also automatically begin a new transaction if executed
+    with a <literal>AND CHAIN</literal> parameter.
+   </para>
+
    <para>
     It's possible to control the statements in a transaction in a more
     granular fashion through the use of <firstterm>savepoints</firstterm>.  Savepoints
diff --git a/doc/src/sgml/ref/commit.sgml b/doc/src/sgml/ref/commit.sgml
index 7e2dcac5a3..e4ef573fe5 100644
--- a/doc/src/sgml/ref/commit.sgml
+++ b/doc/src/sgml/ref/commit.sgml
@@ -33,6 +33,19 @@ COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ AND [ NO ] CHAIN ]
    changes made by the transaction become visible to others
    and are guaranteed to be durable if a crash occurs.
   </para>
+  <para>
+   If no changes have been made - because the transaction is in an
+   aborted state - the effect of the commit will look like a rollback,
+   including the command tag output.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   In either situation, if the <literal>AND CHAIN</literal> parameter is
+   specified a new, identically configured, transaction is started.
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   For more information regarding transactions see
+   <xref linkend="tutorial-transactions"/>.
+  </para>
  </refsect1>
 
  <refsect1>
@@ -67,6 +80,25 @@ COMMIT [ WORK | TRANSACTION ] [ AND [ NO ] CHAIN ]
   </variablelist>
  </refsect1>
 
+ <refsect1>
+  <title>Outputs</title>
+
+  <para>
+   On successful completion on a non-aborted transaction, a <command>COMMIT</command>
+   command returns a command tag of the form
+<screen>
+COMMIT
+</screen>
+  </para>
+  <para>
+   However, if the transaction being affected is aborted, a <command>COMMIT</command>
+   command returns a command tag of the form
+<screen>
+ROLLBACK
+</screen>
+  </para>
+ </refsect1>
+
  <refsect1>
   <title>Notes</title>
 
@@ -107,6 +139,7 @@ COMMIT;
   <simplelist type="inline">
    <member><xref linkend="sql-begin"/></member>
    <member><xref linkend="sql-rollback"/></member>
+   <member><xref linkend="tutorial-transactions"/></member>
   </simplelist>
  </refsect1>
 </refentry>
-- 
2.34.1