drop table if exists t; create table t (a int, b int, c int); insert into t select mod(i,10),mod(i,10),i from generate_series(1,60000) s(i); create index on t (a); analyze t; set min_parallel_table_scan_size = '1kB'; set min_parallel_index_scan_size = '1kB'; set parallel_setup_cost = 0; set parallel_tuple_cost = 0; set max_parallel_workers_per_gather = 2; set enable_hashagg to off; explain select * from t union select * from t; explain select * from t union all select * from t;