-- create table 
CREATE TABLE test_tab (a int primary key, b text, c timestamptz DEFAULT now(), d bigint DEFAULT 999);
CREATE TABLE test_tab_nopub (a int primary key, b text, c timestamptz DEFAULT now(), d bigint DEFAULT 999);

test_empty_not_published.sql:
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO test_tab_nopub VALUES(1, 'foo');
UPDATE test_tab_nopub SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;
DELETE FROM test_tab_nopub WHERE a = 1;
COMMIT;

test_empty_published.sql:
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO test_tab VALUES(1, 'foo');
UPDATE test_tab SET b = 'bar' WHERE a = 1;
DELETE FROM test_tab WHERE a = 1;
COMMIT;

-- create publication
create publication pub for table test_tab;

-- create subscription
CREATE SUBSCRIPTION sub CONNECTION 'host=localhost port=5432 dbname=postgres' PUBLICATION pub;"


-- empty transaction: 0%
pgbench -n -p 5432 -s 100 -t 1000 -c 1 -f test_empty_published.sql postgres
-- empty transaction: 25%
pgbench -n -p 5432 -s 100 -t 1000 -c 1 -f test_empty_not_published.sql@5 -f test_empty_published.sql@15 postgres
-- empty transaction: 50%
pgbench -n -p 5432 -s 100 -t 1000 -c 1 -f test_empty_not_published.sql@10 -f test_empty_published.sql@10 postgres
-- empty transaction: 75%
pgbench -n -p 5432 -s 100 -t 1000 -c 1 -f test_empty_not_published.sql@15 -f test_empty_published.sql@5 postgres
-- empty transaction: 100%
pgbench -n -p 5432 -s 100 -t 1000 -c 1 -f test_empty_not_published.sql postgres