diff --git a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
index 3e112b4ef4..154f2efb5c 100644
--- a/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
+++ b/src/backend/commands/tablecmds.c
@@ -1993,6 +1993,13 @@ MergeAttributes(List *schema, List *supers, char relpersistence,
 			relation = heap_openrv(parent, AccessExclusiveLock);
 
 		/*
+		 * Check for active uses of the relation in the current
+		 * transaction, such as being used in some manner by an enclosing
+		 * command, like by insert's tuple routing.
+		 */
+		CheckTableNotInUse(relation, "CREATE TABLE INHERITS / PARTITION OF");
+
+		/*
 		 * We do not allow partitioned tables and partitions to participate in
 		 * regular inheritance.
 		 */
diff --git a/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
index 744b9990a6..7020539fc1 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
+++ b/src/test/regress/expected/create_table.out
@@ -910,3 +910,16 @@ ERROR:  cannot create a temporary relation as partition of permanent relation "p
 create temp table temp_part partition of temp_parted default; -- ok
 drop table perm_parted cascade;
 drop table temp_parted cascade;
+-- check that adding partitions to a table while it is being used is prevented
+create table check_not_in_use (a int) partition by list (a);
+create function add_part_func () returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+  begin
+   execute 'create table check_not_in_use1 partition of check_not_in_use default';
+  end $$;
+create trigger add_part_trig before insert on check_not_in_use
+  for each statement execute procedure add_part_func();
+insert into check_not_in_use values (1);
+ERROR:  cannot CREATE TABLE INHERITS / PARTITION OF "check_not_in_use" because it is being used by active queries in this session
+CONTEXT:  SQL statement "create table check_not_in_use1 partition of check_not_in_use default"
+PL/pgSQL function add_part_func() line 3 at EXECUTE
+drop table check_not_in_use;
diff --git a/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
index 81fa7658b0..a34dd8f0e7 100644
--- a/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
+++ b/src/test/regress/sql/create_table.sql
@@ -730,3 +730,14 @@ create temp table temp_part partition of perm_parted default; -- error
 create temp table temp_part partition of temp_parted default; -- ok
 drop table perm_parted cascade;
 drop table temp_parted cascade;
+
+-- check that adding partitions to a table while it is being used is prevented
+create table check_not_in_use (a int) partition by list (a);
+create function add_part_func () returns trigger language plpgsql as $$
+  begin
+   execute 'create table check_not_in_use1 partition of check_not_in_use default';
+  end $$;
+create trigger add_part_trig before insert on check_not_in_use
+  for each statement execute procedure add_part_func();
+insert into check_not_in_use values (1);
+drop table check_not_in_use;